Amazon ML System Design Interview Questions
Master your tech interview with our curated database of real questions from top companies.
Explain ML statistics and model design concepts
Technical Phone Screen: Theory + System Design Probability and Statistics 1. Define a moment generating function (MGF) and explain how it is used. 2. ...
Explain parallelism and collectives in training
Parallelism strategies and communication in large-scale training You are designing a distributed training setup for very large neural networks that ca...
Design an LLM quality validation system
You are asked to design an end-to-end LLM quality validation system for a team that trains and serves large language models. The goal is to automatica...
Design an e-commerce recommendation system
Design an Amazon-Scale E‑Commerce Product Recommendation System Context You are designing a large-scale recommendation system that powers multiple use...
Design a Multimodal Neural Network
Design Prompt: Multimodal Text–Image Retrieval and Classification Context You are building a production system that uses both text (titles/description...
Design a RAG system end to end
Design a Retrieval‑Augmented Generation (RAG) System for Enterprise Text Context You are building a production RAG system that answers employee questi...
Design a fraud detection system
System Design: Real-Time Payment Fraud Detection Context Design a real-time fraud detection system for online payments (card-not-present). The system ...
Design an email spam detection system
System Design: End-to-End Email Spam Detection Context Design an end-to-end system that detects and handles spam emails at scale. Assume you are build...
Build an end-to-end ML pipeline
ML System Design: Shipment Delay Risk Scoring From a Single CSV You are given a CSV of shipment events with the following columns: - order_id (string)...
Deep-dive your GenAI project architecture
GenAI System Deep-Dive: End-to-End Design and Scale Strategy Provide a structured walkthrough of a production-grade GenAI system you built end-to-end....
Deep dive a resume project
End-to-End ML Project Walkthrough (System Design Focus) Pick one ML project from your experience and walk through it end-to-end. Be concrete about des...
Optimize attention for long sequences
System Design: Efficient Attention for Long Sequences Context You are designing or optimizing sequence models that must process long contexts under ti...