Amazon Statistics & Math Interview Questions
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Explain Statistical Outputs to Non-Technical Stakeholders
A/B Test Dashboard Interpretation and Core Statistics Concepts Scenario You are reviewing an A/B test dashboard for an experiment (e.g., Variant B vs ...
Explain P-value, Confidence Interval, and Multiple Testing Adjustments
A/B Testing and Inferential Statistics for a New Product Launch You are running online A/B experiments to evaluate a new product launch. Assume standa...
Determine Probability of Both Children Being Boys
Probability: Two-Child Family Context You are considering families with exactly two children. A statement is revealed: "At least one of the children i...
Estimate Treatment Effects Using PSM, DiD, and DML Methods
Causal Impact of Marketing Campaigns: PSM, DiD, Synthetic Control, and DML Scenario You have observational data from a marketing campaign where some u...
Identify P-Value Limitations and Complementary Approaches
A/B Testing: Limits of P-values and Better Decision Practices Scenario Your team is running an A/B test for a new product feature and stakeholders rel...
Compute CIs, power, and multiple testing
A/B Testing Stats: Confidence Intervals, Power, Multiple Testing, and Clustering Context: You are planning an A/B experiment on a Bernoulli outcome (c...
Compute and interpret quantile loss vs RMSE
Quantile (Pinball) Loss vs RMSE/MAE; Computations and Calibration You are evaluating probabilistic forecasts for a time series/ML regression task. You...
Plan and analyze an A/B test
A/B Test: Power, Clustering, Sequential Monitoring, Multiple Comparisons, and Diagnostics Context You are planning an A/B test for a dashboard change ...
Compute p-values, CIs, and adjust multiples
Hypothesis testing and intervals in practice. Part A (z vs t): You sample n = 15 observations from a population with unknown variance and observe samp...
Analyze omitted-variable bias in regression
Omitted-Variable Bias, Heteroscedasticity, and Remedies Setup - True data-generating process (DGP): Y = β0 + β1·Temp + β2·Occupancy + ε - Assumption...
Quantify improvement and compute required sample size
A/B Test on Spam Rate: Sample Size, Inference, and Practical Pitfalls Context: You are evaluating a new classifier that aims to reduce the spam rate (...
Validate DID and IV assumptions rigorously
Causal Inference and IV: DID, TWFE, Staggered Adoption, Clustering, and 2SLS Context: You are analyzing the causal effect of a reminder on an outcome ...
Calculate A/B sample size, CI, decision rules
A/B Test Design and Analysis: Signup Funnel You are designing and analyzing a two-arm A/B test for a signup funnel. Assume 1:1 traffic split and indep...
Prove and apply statistical ML fundamentals
Technical ML/Statistics Exercises (with precise math and small computations) Assume a standard supervised learning setting with n samples, p features,...
Explain Propensity Score Matching and Assess Covariate Balance
Propensity Score Matching (PSM) Context You have observational data with a binary treatment (T ∈ {0,1}), an outcome (Y), and a set of pre-treatment co...
Calculate Probability of Both Children Being Boys
Conditional Probability: The Two-Child Problem Context and Assumptions - Each child is independently a boy or a girl with probability 1/2. - Birth ord...
Explain Central Limit Theorem and Its Limitations
Statistics Concepts and Disease-Test Evaluation Context You are assessing core statistical concepts used in evaluating diagnostic tests and in data sc...