Amazon Machine Learning Engineer Machine Learning Interview Questions

Practice 34 real Machine Learning interview questions for Machine Learning Engineer roles at Amazon.

34 Questions 1 Company07.02.2026
Showing 20 results
Role
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning Engineer

Implement Stable Sigmoid, Softmax, and Scaled Dot-Product Attention

Implement Stable Sigmoid, Softmax, and Scaled Dot-Product Attention Implement the mathematical core of three common neural-network operations without ...

Machine Learning
4
0
52 people solved
Jul 2, 2026
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Amazon
Hard
Machine Learning EngineerNew Grad

Explain Core ML Interview Concepts

You are in a phone screen for an applied scientist / machine-learning engineer role and are asked to verbally explain a set of machine-learning fundam...

Machine Learning
235
0
1922 people solved
Apr 27, 2026
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Amazon
Hard
Machine Learning Engineer Locked

GRPO Deep Dive: Critic-Free RL, Parallelism, MLA, and Reward Design for a Reasoning LLM

This question assesses understanding of reinforcement learning algorithms used to post-train large reasoning language models, including critic-free po...

Machine Learning
8
0
98 people solved
Jun 21, 2026
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning Engineer Locked

LLM Fundamentals: Tokenization Design and KL-Regularized SFT

This question evaluates depth of knowledge in large language model fundamentals, specifically subword tokenization design and KL-regularized supervise...

Machine Learning
11
0
151 people solved
Jun 18, 2026
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning Engineer Locked

Explain Transformer and MoE Fundamentals

This question evaluates a candidate's conceptual mastery of modern deep-learning internals for large-language models, including distinctions between t...

Machine Learning
28
0
210 people solved
May 14, 2026
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Amazon
Hard
Machine Learning Engineer Locked

Explain NLP/RL concepts used in LLM agents

This question evaluates proficiency in transformer-based NLP, embedding methods, LLM agent architecture and evaluation, retrieval techniques for RAG, ...

Machine Learning
23
0
214 people solved
Feb 9, 2026
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning Engineer

Explain ML evaluation, sequence models, and optimizers

Scenario An interviewer is deep-diving into an ML project you built (you can assume it is a supervised model unless specified otherwise). They want yo...

Machine Learning
7
0
79 people solved
Dec 15, 2025
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning EngineerSenior+

Explain core ML concepts and diagnostics

You are in an ML breadth interview for a Senior Applied Scientist role. Answer the following conceptual questions clearly and practically (definitions...

Machine Learning
15
0
107 people solved
Dec 15, 2025
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning Engineer Locked

Handle cold start, dropout, and training stability

This question evaluates a candidate's understanding of recommender-system cold-start handling, dropout training versus inference behavior, optimizatio...

Machine Learning
7
0
77 people solved
Jan 6, 2026
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning Engineer

Explain Transformers and MoE in LLMs

You are interviewing for a role working with large language models (LLMs). Explain the following concepts and how they relate to building and scaling ...

Machine Learning
12
0
83 people solved
Dec 8, 2025
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning Engineer

Implement SGD for linear regression and derive gradients

Prompt You are given a dataset of \(n\) 1D samples \(\{(x_i, y_i)\}_{i=1}^n\), where \(x_i\) and \(y_i\) are real numbers. We want to fit a linear mod...

Machine Learning
10
0
106 people solved
Dec 15, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Hard
Machine Learning EngineerSenior+

Explain Logistic Regression Fundamentals

Logistic Regression from First Principles Assumptions and Notation - Binary classification with labels y ∈ {0, 1} and features x ∈ R^d. - Linear score...

Machine Learning
4
0
64 people solved
Sep 6, 2025
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Amazon
Easy
Machine Learning Engineer

Contrast CNNs and fully connected networks

Compare convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with fully connected (dense) networks. Explain: - The structural differences between convolutional layers...

Machine Learning
3
0
56 people solved
Dec 8, 2025
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Amazon
Easy
Machine Learning Engineer

Compare decision trees and random forests

Compare decision trees and random forests. In your answer, discuss: - How a single decision tree is built and its main advantages and disadvantages. -...

Machine Learning
7
0
64 people solved
Dec 8, 2025
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Amazon
Easy
Machine Learning Engineer

Describe overfitting and L1/L2 regularization

Define overfitting in machine learning and explain why it is harmful. Then describe L1 and L2 regularization: - How each one modifies the loss functio...

Machine Learning
5
0
76 people solved
Dec 8, 2025
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning Engineer

Explain LLM architecture, tuning, evaluation

LLM Architecture, Positional Embeddings, Fine-Tuning (PEFT), Regularization, and Evaluation Context You are interviewing for a Machine Learning Engine...

Machine Learning
7
0
78 people solved
Sep 6, 2025
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning EngineerSenior+

Explain Layer Normalization in Transformers

Layer Normalization in Transformers: Placement, Gradients, and Practical Trade-offs Task Explain Layer Normalization (LayerNorm) as used in Transforme...

Machine Learning
12
0
82 people solved
Sep 6, 2025
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Amazon
Medium
Machine Learning Engineer

Test whether two user populations differ

Problem You are given two groups of users: - Group A: North America users - Group B: Europe users Each user has a vector of continuous features (e.g.,...

Machine Learning
3
0
53 people solved
Dec 15, 2025
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Amazon
Easy
Machine Learning Engineer

List hyperparameter tuning methods

Describe common methods for hyperparameter tuning in machine learning. For each method, explain: - How it works conceptually. - Its advantages and dis...

Machine Learning
16
0
102 people solved
Dec 8, 2025
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Amazon
Easy
Machine Learning Engineer Locked

Analyze attention complexity and improvements

This question evaluates understanding of Transformer self-attention in the Machine Learning domain, testing the ability to analyze time and space comp...

Machine Learning
5
0
85 people solved
Dec 8, 2025

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