Microsoft Software Engineer Coding & Algorithms Interview Questions
Practice 70 real Coding & Algorithms interview questions for Software Engineer roles at Microsoft.
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Implement a Snapshot Set Iterator
Implement a data structure SnapshotSet<T> with the following interface: `java interface SnapshotSet<T> { void add(T e); void remove(T e); ...
Solve power jumps and graph tour
This online assessment contained two coding problems: 1. Minimum operations using signed powers of two Given an integer n, you want to make it equal...
Implement concurrent structures and debug queue code
The coding rounds covered several implementation and debugging tasks: 1. Implement an LRU cache that supports get(key) and put(key, value) in constant...
Implement interval room counter and token manager
You are given two coding questions. 1) Minimum number of rooms for time intervals You are given a list of meetings, where each meeting is an interval ...
Return Top K Relevant Apps
You are given a mapping from application name to keyword relevance scores, for example: `json { "github": {"diff": 0.3, "code review": 0.8}, "jira...
Find all balanced k in a permutation
You are given a permutation \(p\) of length \(n\) containing each integer from \(1\) to \(n\) exactly once. For each \(k\) where \(1 \le k \le n\), de...
Answer common graph, grid, and array tasks
Problem 1: Largest continuous island after filling sea (1D) Humans can convert ocean cells into land by filling them. Input - islands: a 1D array of l...
Compute discounted prices and full-price indices
You are given an array prices of length \(n\). Items are sold from left to right, and each item’s final selling price is computed as follows: For item...
Implement greedy decoding and beam search
You are given access to an auto-regressive language model that can score the next token based on a prefix. Assume: - next_logprobs(prefix_tokens) -> M...
Populate next pointers in a perfect binary tree
You are given a perfect binary tree (all leaves at the same level; every internal node has two children). Each node has fields left, right, and next. ...
Implement Calendar, Tokenizer, and Meeting Optimizer
Implement the following three coding tasks. 1. Calendar insertion check You are given a list of existing calendar events, where each event is a hal...
Reconstruct DNA from tagged fragments
You are given a list of DNA fragments. Each fragment is represented by a Sequence object containing two endpoint labels and a DNA string payload. Your...
Remove duplicates in-place from unsorted array
Problem You are given an array nums of unsorted integers. Write a method that removes duplicates in-place (i.e., without using any additional data str...
Implement a type-based mutex for tasks
Problem You are given a multithreaded task runner. Each task has: - task_id: int - task_type: "gen" | "score" - duration: int (seconds) Each task runs...
Extract stream prefix before stop token
You are consuming a text stream delivered as an iterator/generator of string chunks (each chunk may be any length, including empty). You are also give...
Rotate a 3×3 digit grid by 180°
Problem You are given a 3×3 grid of digits (characters '0'–'9'), represented as an array of 3 strings of length 3. When the entire grid is rotated by ...
Find minimum cycle cost per node
Problem You are given a weighted directed graph with n nodes labeled 0..n-1 and m directed edges. Each edge is (u, v, w) meaning you can go from u to ...
Solve Throughput, Rate Limiting, and LFU
The interview included the following coding tasks: 1. Minimum processing speed: You are given an array piles, where piles[i] is the size of the ith pi...
Answer suffix maximum-frequency queries
You are given: - An integer array nums of length n. - An integer array queries of length m, where each queries[k] is an index i (0-based) into nums. F...
Validate a JSON-like string
Problem You are given a string s that is intended to be a JSON text. Implement a function isValidJsonStructure(s) -> bool that checks structural valid...