Microsoft Software Engineer Coding & Algorithms Interview Questions
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Implement interval room counter and token manager
You are given two coding questions. 1) Minimum number of rooms for time intervals You are given a list of meetings, where each meeting is an interval ...
Implement a Snapshot Set Iterator
Implement a data structure SnapshotSet<T> with the following interface: `java interface SnapshotSet<T> { void add(T e); void remove(T e); ...
Find all balanced k in a permutation
You are given a permutation \(p\) of length \(n\) containing each integer from \(1\) to \(n\) exactly once. For each \(k\) where \(1 \le k \le n\), de...
Solve power jumps and graph tour
This online assessment contained two coding problems: 1. Minimum operations using signed powers of two Given an integer n, you want to make it equal...
Reconstruct DNA from tagged fragments
You are given a list of DNA fragments. Each fragment is represented by a Sequence object containing two endpoint labels and a DNA string payload. Your...
Answer common graph, grid, and array tasks
Problem 1: Largest continuous island after filling sea (1D) Humans can convert ocean cells into land by filling them. Input - islands: a 1D array of l...
Compute discounted prices and full-price indices
You are given an array prices of length \(n\). Items are sold from left to right, and each item’s final selling price is computed as follows: For item...
Return Top K Relevant Apps
You are given a mapping from application name to keyword relevance scores, for example: `json { "github": {"diff": 0.3, "code review": 0.8}, "jira...
Answer suffix maximum-frequency queries
You are given: - An integer array nums of length n. - An integer array queries of length m, where each queries[k] is an index i (0-based) into nums. F...
Implement greedy decoding and beam search
You are given access to an auto-regressive language model that can score the next token based on a prefix. Assume: - next_logprobs(prefix_tokens) -> M...
Implement a type-based mutex for tasks
Problem You are given a multithreaded task runner. Each task has: - task_id: int - task_type: "gen" | "score" - duration: int (seconds) Each task runs...
Find maximum collinear points
Given a list of 2D points with integer coordinates, return the maximum number of points that lie on the same straight line. Input - points: a list of ...
Remove duplicates in-place from unsorted array
Problem You are given an array nums of unsorted integers. Write a method that removes duplicates in-place (i.e., without using any additional data str...
Stream output until stop token appears
You are implementing a simplified streaming conversational AI output filter. Text arrives in chunks (strings) in order. There is a special stop token ...
Populate next pointers in a perfect binary tree
You are given a perfect binary tree (all leaves at the same level; every internal node has two children). Each node has fields left, right, and next. ...
Find minimum cycle cost per node
Problem You are given a weighted directed graph with n nodes labeled 0..n-1 and m directed edges. Each edge is (u, v, w) meaning you can go from u to ...
Implement a sliding-window rate limiter allow()
Problem Implement a sliding-window log rate limiter. Design a class RateLimiter initialized with: - maxRequests (e.g., 100) - windowMillis (e.g., 60_0...
Implement idempotent request handling with idempotency keys
Problem You are implementing an API endpoint (e.g., POST /charge) that must be idempotent using an Idempotency-Key. Design and implement an in-memory ...
Group GPUs by node and partition by links
Problem: GPU graph grouping and link-maximizing partition You are given a cluster of GPUs represented as a graph: - Each GPU has a unique gpuId and be...
Validate a JSON-like string
Problem You are given a string s that is intended to be a JSON text. Implement a function isValidJsonStructure(s) -> bool that checks structural valid...