This question evaluates a candidate's ability to apply caching and hash map data structures to improve algorithmic performance, including identifying appropriate cache keys and values, estimating hit rates, selecting eviction policies, and comparing time and space complexity before and after caching.
Given your implementation, identify where caching or a dictionary/hash map would improve performance. What are the cache keys and values, expected hit rate, and eviction policy? Analyze the time and space complexity before and after adding the cache, and describe any consistency or staleness trade-offs.