Design cloud & k8s architecture

Q: Design cloud & k8s architecture

This question evaluates understanding of Kubernetes cluster architecture, kubectl-based operational troubleshooting, mapping core services across public cloud providers, and secure CI/CD pipeline design.

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Question

Technical Screen: Kubernetes, Cloud Services, and Secure CI/CD

Context

You are designing and operating services on Kubernetes in a public cloud. Answer the following to demonstrate understanding of cluster architecture, troubleshooting with kubectl, cloud service mappings across providers, and secure CI/CD design.

Tasks

Kubernetes Architecture

Explain the high-level architecture of a Kubernetes cluster.
Describe control plane (master) components and worker node components, including their responsibilities and how they interact.

kubectl Troubleshooting

List key kubectl commands, flags, and patterns you use to debug cluster issues (nodes, pods, services, networking, rollouts). Include brief explanations and examples.

GCP vs AWS Core Services

Compare core computing and testing/CI services between Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and Amazon Web Services (AWS). Map common equivalents (VMs, managed Kubernetes, containers, serverless, build/test/deploy, artifact registries, security scanning).

Secure CI/CD Design in Public Cloud

Propose a secure CI/CD pipeline architecture suitable for deploying to Kubernetes in a public cloud.
Cover: identity and access, secrets, artifact management and signing, build isolation, policy enforcement, environment segregation, deployment strategies, observability, and guardrails.

Design cloud & k8s architecture

Technical Screen: Kubernetes, Cloud Services, and Secure CI/CD

Context

Tasks

Solution

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