MapReduce Model and Optimization for Parallel Efficiency and Network Utilization
Context
You are designing a large-scale batch processing job (e.g., feature extraction, log aggregation, joins) over a distributed file system. The job must scale across many machines while keeping both CPU and network well utilized.
Tasks
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Explain the MapReduce programming model, including key stages (map, shuffle/sort, reduce), data partitioning, combiners, and fault tolerance.
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Describe how you would optimize a MapReduce job for parallel-computation efficiency (task sizing, skew handling, locality, memory/IO).
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Identify techniques to minimize network overhead and improve throughput when running large-scale parallel computations.