Implement and compare key design patterns

Q: Implement and compare key design patterns

This is a System Design interview question from TikTok for Software Engineer roles. View the full question and solution on PracHub.

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Question

Implement Core GoF Patterns in Java and Discuss Trade-offs

Context

You are designing a small Java library and want to demonstrate three classic GoF design patterns with concise examples. You should:

Implement a thread-safe, lazy Singleton.
Implement the Factory Method pattern.
Implement the Strategy pattern and a simple client that uses it.
Compare these patterns in terms of trade-offs, extensibility, and testability.
Refactor one example to reduce coupling and enable dependency injection (constructor injection is fine).

Keep code snippets small and focused on illustrating the pattern rather than full application logic.

Implement and compare key design patterns

Implement Core GoF Patterns in Java and Discuss Trade-offs

Context

Solution

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