Implement binary search lower/upper bounds

Q: Implement binary search lower/upper bounds

This is a Coding & Algorithms interview question from Amazon for Machine Learning Engineer roles. View the full question and solution on PracHub.

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Question

Given a non-decreasing sorted array nums and a target value, implement two functions using binary search: (

lower_bound(nums, target) that returns the smallest index i such that nums[i] >= target (return len(nums) if no such index exists); (
upper_bound(nums, target) that returns the smallest index i such that nums[i] > target (return len(nums) if no such index exists). Achieve O(log n) time and O(
extra space, and handle duplicates, empty arrays, and targets outside the array’s value range. Clearly explain your boundary conditions and provide a few test cases to demonstrate correctness.

Implement binary search lower/upper bounds

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