Convert integer dates to quarters

Q: Convert integer dates to quarters

This is a Data Manipulation (SQL/Python) interview question from Point72 for Data Scientist roles. View the full question and solution on PracHub.

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Question

Given an 8-digit integer date_key in YYYYMMDD (e.g., 20240331), write: (a) a SQL expression and (b) a Python function that convert it to a quarter label 'YYYY-Qn' using the Gregorian calendar (Q1=Jan–Mar, Q2=Apr–Jun, Q3=Jul–Sep, Q4=Oct–Dec). Requirements:

Validate the date (reject or return NULL for impossible values such as 20250230, month=00/13, day=00, or 20210229 in a non-leap year).
Support an optional fiscal_start_month s (1–12). If s ≠ 1, compute fiscal year and fiscal quarter; for example, with s=4 (Apr), 20250331 -> '2024-Q4' and 20250401 -> '2025-Q1'.
Treat inputs that are strings with leading/trailing whitespace and leading zeros appropriately.
Show the exact outputs for: 20240229, 20230228, 20251231, 20250101, 20250331 with s=4, and an invalid 20251301.

Convert integer dates to quarters

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