Design a news aggregation and feed service

Q: Design a news aggregation and feed service

This is a System Design interview question from Rippling for Software Engineer roles. View the full question and solution on PracHub.

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Question

Assume you are asked to design the backend for a news aggregation and feed service.

Requirements:

The system pulls articles from multiple third-party news providers via their HTTP APIs (not by crawling raw HTML).
Each article belongs to one or more categories (e.g., sports, politics). Users can "follow" categories, similar to following friends, and then see a feed of recent articles from the categories they follow.
Users can read articles, and the system should record which articles have been read.

Design the system and focus on:

The high-level architecture for ingesting news from external APIs, storing it, and serving user feeds.
The data schema for key entities (sources, articles, categories, user subscriptions, read history, etc.).
The end-to-end flow when a user opens the app and reads their news feed.
How you would ensure scalability, reasonable freshness of news, and resilience to external API failures.

Design a news aggregation and feed service

Solution

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