Find tree root and bucket numbers
Company: Bloomberg
Role: Software Engineer
Category: Coding & Algorithms
Difficulty: hard
Interview Round: Technical Screen
Quick Answer: This two-part question evaluates understanding of tree data representations and interval bucketing, testing competencies in identifying a tree root from parent–child adjacency records and in classifying numeric values into sorted-interval buckets; it falls within the data structures and algorithms domain (tree structures and array/interval processing). It is commonly used to assess reasoning about data invariants and edge-case handling — with the implicit assumptions that node ids are unique (no duplicates), inputs may be empty, boundaries may be negative, and values outside the outermost boundaries are treated as out of range — and it emphasizes a mix of conceptual understanding and practical algorithmic application.