Calculate conditional probabilities for coin tosses
Company: StackAdapt
Role: Software Engineer
Category: Statistics & Math
Difficulty: easy
Interview Round: HR Screen
Consider two independent tosses of a fair coin.
(a) What is the probability that the second toss is Heads given that the first toss was Tails, P(second=H | first=T)?
(b) Given that at least one of the two tosses is Heads, what is the probability that both tosses are Heads, P(both=HH | at least one H)? Explain using an explicit sample space or conditional probability formulas.
Quick Answer: This question evaluates understanding of conditional probability and independence in simple probabilistic experiments. It belongs to the Statistics & Math domain, is commonly asked to assess foundational probabilistic reasoning used in statistical inference and algorithmic decision-making, and targets conceptual understanding with elementary practical computation.