This question evaluates proficiency in stochastic processes, discrete-time random walks, Markov chain hitting times, and expected value computation within probabilistic modeling.
Two independent particles start at opposite vertices (four edges apart) of a regular octagon. At each discrete time step, each particle flips a fair coin: heads moves one step clockwise; tails moves one step counterclockwise. Two coins are flipped per time step (one for each particle).
What is the expected total number of coin flips required until the two particles occupy the same vertex?
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