Design faster delay-time computation

Q: Design faster delay-time computation

This question evaluates a candidate's ability to design efficient array algorithms and appropriate data structures for nearest-smaller-element queries, assessing performance, correctness with duplicates, and scalability to large inputs.

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Question

You are given an array of integers representing task priorities. Tasks execute from right to left. For each index i, define its delay time as j - i where j is the largest index > i such that priorities[j] < priorities[i] (i.e., the rightmost strictly smaller element to the right); if no such j exists, the delay time is 0. Return the delay time array for all indices. Example: for [8,2,11,4,9,4,7], the result is [6,0,4,0,2,0,0] (for 8 at index 0, the first smaller when scanning from the far right is 7 at index 6, so delay time is 6). Design an algorithm faster than O(n^ 2); describe your data structures, analyze time and space complexity, and implement the solution. Handle duplicates and large inputs.

Design faster delay-time computation

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