You are given manager→direct-report relationships for an organization (an employee has at most one direct manager; the top-level employee has none). Build a data structure/service that supports: 1) **Query (read-heavy):** given an employee id, return how many total people are in their reporting chain below them (all direct and indirect reports). 2) **Update:** a relationship can change (e.g., employee X moves from manager A to manager B). After an update, future queries must return correct counts. Discuss the data model, algorithms, and how you would keep queries fast while handling updates safely (e.g., avoiding cycles).