Concurrency: Build H2O from concurrent H and O actions

Context

You are given two kinds of threads that repeatedly call the following functions:

• hydrogen(releaseHydrogen)
• oxygen(releaseOxygen)

Each function receives a callable action:

• releaseHydrogen() emits/prints "H"
• releaseOxygen() emits/prints "O"

Goal

Design synchronization so that the program outputs a valid sequence of water molecules. For every molecule, exactly two H actions and one O action must be released together (i.e., the three actions for a molecule proceed as a group; groups do not interleave).

Constraints

• Do not busy-wait. Use semaphores, locks, and/or condition variables.
• Safety: no extra atoms are emitted; every molecule releases exactly two H and one O.
• Liveness: no starvation assuming both atom types arrive infinitely often.
• Scalability: handle an unbounded stream of atoms without unbounded resource growth.

Deliverables

• Pseudocode for hydrogen and oxygen functions and any supporting synchronization primitives.
• A brief explanation of correctness (safety, liveness, scalability).