This question evaluates a data scientist's competency in marketing analytics, attribution modeling, funnel analysis, event instrumentation, and causal inference for estimating incremental sign-ups from an advertising campaign.

A cryptocurrency company airs a national Super Bowl commercial featuring a bouncing QR code. Viewers who scan and complete sign-up receive a $15 coupon.
Assume “successful sign-up” means a new, verified account (including KYC) completed within a 7-day attribution window after exposure to the ad.
How would you estimate the total number of successful sign-ups generated by this advertisement? Outline a practical approach that:
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