This question evaluates understanding of Java framework internals and related competencies including dependency injection, aspect-oriented programming and proxy mechanisms, transaction management, annotation processing, bean lifecycle, classpath scanning, bean scopes, and circular dependency detection or resolution.

Explain how dependency injection and AOP proxies are implemented in a modern Java framework such as Spring: bean lifecycle (creation, post-processing, initialization, destruction), proxy mechanisms (JDK dynamic proxies vs. CGLIB), transaction management via proxies, and annotation processing at runtime. Describe classpath scanning, bean scopes, and how circular dependencies are detected or resolved.