This question evaluates knowledge of multithreading primitives, synchronization mechanisms (mutexes, semaphores, read–write locks), concurrency hazards, and the ability to design and implement a thread-safe bounded queue using condition variables, emphasizing both conceptual understanding and practical application.

Context: Technical screen for a software engineering role. You are asked to demonstrate understanding of multithreading primitives, concurrency pitfalls, and to implement a thread-safe bounded queue supporting multiple producers and consumers using condition variables.
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