This question evaluates understanding of trie-based data structures, wildcard pattern matching for URL segments, algorithmic time and space complexity analysis, dynamic route insertion/removal, and concurrency/thread-safety considerations.
Implement a URL routing matcher that supports wildcard segments (e.g., '/a/*/c') using a trie. Discuss time and space complexity, show how to add and remove routes at runtime, and explain strategies for making the data structure thread-safe.