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Prove Equal Probability Impossible with Relabeled Dice Faces

Last updated: Mar 29, 2026

Quick Overview

This question evaluates discrete probability and combinatorial reasoning, including parity and modular arithmetic, along with formal proof-writing skills in the context of relabeling dice faces.

  • medium
  • Yahoo
  • Statistics & Math
  • Data Scientist

Prove Equal Probability Impossible with Relabeled Dice Faces

Company: Yahoo

Role: Data Scientist

Category: Statistics & Math

Difficulty: medium

Interview Round: Technical Screen

##### Scenario Interview assessing candidate's understanding of probability distributions with a dice-configuration puzzle used by a gaming analytics team. ##### Question You have two fair six-sided dice. Can you relabel or configure the faces so that when both dice are rolled, the sums 1 through 12 each appear with equal probability? If yes, provide the new face labels; if no, give a rigorous proof of impossibility. ##### Hints Equal probability requires each of the 12 sums to occur exactly 3 times out of 36. Analyze face-pair counts and parity constraints.

Quick Answer: This question evaluates discrete probability and combinatorial reasoning, including parity and modular arithmetic, along with formal proof-writing skills in the context of relabeling dice faces.

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Uniform Sums from Two Relabeled Fair Dice

Setup

You have two fair six-sided dice. You may relabel each die's faces with integers; duplicates are allowed. Each face on a given die is equally likely to appear on a roll.

Task

Can you relabel the faces so that when both dice are rolled, each sum from 1 through 12 occurs with equal probability? If yes, give one valid labeling (for both dice). If no, provide a rigorous proof of impossibility.

  • Equal probability over 36 outcomes means each sum 1–12 must occur exactly 3 times.
  • You may use parity and face-pair counting arguments.

Hints

  • Each of the 12 sums must occur exactly 3 out of 36 outcomes.
  • Think about extreme sums (1 and 12) and parity of face labels.
  • A generating-function or modular (mod 3) argument can greatly constrain possible face multiplicities.

Solution

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