Software Engineer Machine Learning Interview Questions

Practice 50 real Machine Learning interview questions for Software Engineer roles. From companies including Amazon, NVIDIA, OpenAI, Microsoft, Google.

50 Questions 32 Companies08.06.2026
Showing 20 results
Role
Amazon logo
Amazon
Hard
Software EngineerSenior+

Use a Fitted Line to Predict a Future Data Point

Use a Fitted Line to Predict a Future Data Point You receive observed points (x_i, y_i) and need to predict y for a future input x_future. Assume a pr...

Machine Learning
8
0
82 people solved
Jul 21, 2026
Jump Trading logo
Jump Trading
Hard
Software Engineer

Accelerate Tree-Model Inference

Accelerate Tree-Model Inference You must reduce inference latency and raise throughput for a deployed boosted-tree model without changing its predicti...

Machine Learning
0
0
10 people solved
Aug 6, 2026
Google logo
Google
Easy
Software Engineer Locked

LLM Foundations: Architecture, Adaptation, and Steering

This question evaluates a candidate's conceptual understanding of large language model architecture, adaptation, and inference-time control. It probes...

Machine Learning
20
0
211 people solved
Jun 22, 2026
Anthropic logo
Anthropic
Medium
Software Engineer

Debug a GRPO training loop and explain ratios

You are given a simplified implementation of a GRPO (Group Relative Policy Optimization) training step for an RLHF-style policy model. The training is...

Machine Learning
161
0
1650 people solved
Feb 19, 2026
Salesforce logo
Salesforce
Medium
Software Engineer

Present and Defend Recent Research on AI Agents

Prepare and defend a research presentation about one recent project, then connect its lessons to AI-agent systems. Use your own work; do not invent re...

Machine Learning
3
0
30 people solved
Jul 12, 2026
OpenAI logo
OpenAI
Medium
Software Engineer

Implement and Debug Backprop in NumPy

Two-Layer Neural Network: Backpropagation and Gradient Check (NumPy) You are implementing a fully connected two-layer neural network for multi-class c...

Machine Learning
92
1
1744 people solved
Sep 6, 2025
Anthropic logo
Anthropic
Medium
Software Engineer

Implement and derive backprop from scratch

Tiny Neural Network From First Principles: Binary Classification Implement and analyze a minimal neural network for binary classification with a singl...

Machine Learning
54
0
939 people solved
Sep 6, 2025
Cresta logo
Cresta
Medium
Software Engineer

Design sequence decoding with greedy and beam search

Design sequence decoding with greedy and beam search Next-Token Decoding: Greedy and Beam Search Context You are given a probabilistic next-token dict...

Machine Learning
90
0
763 people solved
Aug 8, 2025
Intuit logo
Intuit
Easy
Software Engineer

When should products use AI?

A product-oriented interview asks you to discuss AI adoption in software products. Explain how you would decide whether a feature should use AI or a t...

Machine Learning
14
0
111 people solved
Apr 2, 2026
OpenAI logo
OpenAI
Hard
Software Engineer

Debug a failing ML classifier

Debugging a Churn Prediction Pipeline With Poor Generalization Context You have inherited a binary churn prediction system. The goal is to predict whe...

Machine Learning
68
0
567 people solved
Jul 28, 2025
Tesla logo
Tesla
Medium
Software Engineer

How to Identify Best Battery Group

You have historical quality data for batteries that were randomly assigned to one of 5 groups. Each battery then goes through 3 different quality test...

Machine Learning
23
0
175 people solved
Oct 26, 2025
Google logo
Google
Medium
Software Engineer Locked

Explain LLM fine-tuning and generative models

This question evaluates understanding of LLM adaptation techniques and trade-offs (fine-tuning and parameter-efficient methods) alongside knowledge of...

Machine Learning
21
0
171 people solved
Feb 12, 2026
Ansys logo
Ansys
Medium
Software EngineerIntern

Explain Common Machine Learning Tradeoffs

The interview included a rapid-fire machine learning theory round. Be prepared to answer questions such as: - What are overfitting and underfitting? H...

Machine Learning
6
0
57 people solved
Dec 31, 2025
Squarepoint logo
Squarepoint
Medium
Software Engineer

Evaluate Linear Regression Assumptions and Fit Three Points

Evaluate Linear Regression Assumptions and Fit Three Points Discuss the assumptions behind ordinary least squares, how multicollinearity affects a fit...

Machine Learning
0
0
5 people solved
Apr 22, 2026
Anthropic logo
Anthropic
Hard
Software Engineer

Implement and analyze custom attention

Implement Scaled Dot-Product Attention in PyTorch (from scratch) Context You will implement a numerically stable, vectorized scaled dot-product attent...

Machine Learning
50
0
506 people solved
Sep 6, 2025
Apple logo
Apple
Hard
Software Engineer

Implement multi-head self-attention correctly

Implement Multi-Head Self-Attention (from scratch) Context You are given an input tensor X with shape (batch_size, seq_len, d_model). Implement a mult...

Machine Learning
27
0
333 people solved
Sep 6, 2025
Citadel logo
Citadel
Hard
Software EngineerSenior+ Locked

Choose models for trading tasks

This question evaluates a candidate's competency in selecting and reasoning about machine learning models for quantitative trading and pricing, includ...

Machine Learning
6
0
84 people solved
Jan 26, 2026
Deshaw logo
Deshaw
Hard
Software Engineer

Explain and Compare SGD and Adam

Explain and Compare SGD and Adam Explain how stochastic gradient descent updates model parameters and how Adam modifies those updates using moving est...

Machine Learning
0
0
4 people solved
Apr 20, 2026
Millennium logo
Millennium
Medium
Software Engineer Locked

How would you model stock price prediction?

This question evaluates competency in applying machine learning to financial time-series, covering target definition, data selection, feature engineer...

Machine Learning
6
0
80 people solved
Feb 12, 2026
Microsoft logo
Microsoft
Medium
Software Engineer Locked

Explain normalization, regularization, CTR, imbalance handling

This question evaluates mastery of normalization methods, regularization techniques, click-through-rate modeling, and class-imbalance strategies, with...

Machine Learning
5
0
74 people solved
Feb 12, 2026

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