Tech Interview Questions

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Machine Learning Engineer + Data Scientist + Software Engineer Interview Questions

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9.0k Questions 480 Companies08.05.2026
Showing 20 results
Role
Two Sigma logo
Two Sigma
Hard
Data ScientistIntern Locked

Why use the t-statistic?

This question evaluates understanding of the t-statistic as a standardized test measure connecting effect size, variance, and sample size, and probes ...

Statistics & Math
10
0
95 people solved
Apr 2, 2026
Meta logo
Meta
Easy
Data Scientist

How to evaluate a similar-listing notifications feature

Question You are a Data Scientist on a US C2C marketplace app (like Facebook Marketplace) where users buy and sell second-hand products. Current produ...

Analytics & Experimentation
92
1
781 people solved
Jan 17, 2026
OpenAI logo
OpenAI
Hard
Software Engineer Locked

Consistent Hashing Ring with Virtual Nodes for Shard Rebalancing

This question evaluates a candidate's ability to design and implement a consistent hashing ring with virtual nodes for distributing keys across shards...

Coding & Algorithms
6
0
34 people solved
Jun 26, 2026
Waymo logo
Waymo
Medium
Data Scientist

Interpret a Smart Wait Launch with Conflicting Metrics

A product changes its wait-time display to show more conservative estimates. After launch, conversion falls by 5% while actual time to pickup falls by...

Analytics & Experimentation
4
0
28 people solved
Mar 14, 2026
Palantir logo
Palantir
Medium
Software Engineer Locked

Design a compliant multi-tenant analytics platform

This question evaluates system design and security competencies, including multi-tenant architecture, complex authorization and attribute-based access...

System Design
44
0
332 people solved
Jan 6, 2026
TikTok logo
TikTok
Medium
Machine Learning Engineer

Write self-attention and cross-entropy pseudocode

You are asked to explain core Transformer / deep learning components. Part A — Self-attention pseudocode Write clear pseudocode (not full code) for sc...

Machine Learning
13
0
209 people solved
Feb 12, 2026
Bloomberg logo
Bloomberg
Hard
Software Engineer Locked

Design streaming mention analytics with search and alerts

This question evaluates system-design competencies such as real-time stream ingestion, stateful stream processing and time-windowed aggregation, high-...

System Design
41
0
370 people solved
Mar 1, 2026
Snowflake logo
Snowflake
Easy
Software Engineer Locked

Design a disk-backed KV store under contention

This question evaluates systems-design and concurrency engineering skills, specifically the ability to reason about durable on-disk storage, indexing ...

System Design
68
0
477 people solved
Mar 1, 2026
Two Sigma logo
Two Sigma
Hard
Data Scientist

Explain why the t-statistic helps

Suppose you estimate an effect size \(\hat{\beta}\) in a regression model or an A/B test and compute a standard error \(SE(\hat{\beta})\). Explain why...

Statistics & Math
15
0
204 people solved
Mar 13, 2026
PayPal logo
PayPal
Medium
Software Engineer

Design a Payment Fraud Detection Service

Design a real-time fraud detection service for a payment platform. When a user submits a payment attempt, the platform calls your service before autho...

System Design
9
0
83 people solved
Apr 14, 2026
Snapchat logo
Snapchat
Medium
Machine Learning EngineerSenior+

Discuss ML Project Tradeoffs

You are interviewing for a senior machine learning role and are asked to discuss a past recommendation or prediction project in depth. Use one concret...

Machine Learning
4
0
45 people solved
Apr 28, 2026
Gusto logo
Gusto
Medium
Data Scientist Locked

Define Churn and Design Onboarding Experiment

This question evaluates the ability to define and operationalize churn metrics and design rigorous controlled experiments for onboarding flows, includ...

Analytics & Experimentation
9
0
71 people solved
May 29, 2026
Amazon logo
Amazon
Medium
Software EngineerSenior+ Locked

Design a Scalable and Polite Web Crawler

Design a horizontally scalable web crawler with a durable frontier, host-level politeness, deduplication, parsing, and recrawl planning. Examine URL n...

System Design
2
0
15 people solved
May 29, 2026
Two Sigma logo
Two Sigma
Easy
Data Scientist

Answer four core statistics questions

Problem set (timed) Answer the following four questions. 1) Covariance of order statistics Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be independent \(\mathrm{Unif}(0,1)\). ...

Statistics & Math
26
0
185 people solved
Dec 15, 2025
Headway logo
Headway
Medium
Software Engineer

Handle traffic spikes and estimate server capacity

Scenario You are designing and operating a backend service that receives API requests from clients. Recently, the service becomes slow or times out wh...

System Design
11
0
134 people solved
Feb 11, 2026
Anthropic logo
Anthropic
Hard
Software Engineer Locked

Design guardrails and fallback for LLM reliability

This question evaluates a candidate's ability to design safety and reliability layers for LLM-driven production systems, covering guardrails, input/ou...

System Design
68
0
715 people solved
Feb 11, 2026
Roblox logo
Roblox
Hard
Software Engineer

Design game matchmaking and waiting queue

Design a scalable game matchmaking and waiting-queue system You are designing the matchmaking system for a large real-time multiplayer game (think of ...

System Design
46
0
324 people solved
Jul 15, 2025
Meta logo
Meta
Medium
Data Scientist

Compare Survey Satisfaction for New and Established Users

The interview report preserved the survey tables and the request to compare response levels for new and old users, but it explicitly noted that the in...

Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)
3
0
67 people solved
Jul 6, 2026
LinkedIn logo
LinkedIn
Medium
Software Engineer

Solve common string and subarray problems

You are given three coding tasks: 1) Reverse a string - Input: a string s. - Output: the string with characters in reverse order. 2) Maximum sum of a ...

Coding & Algorithms
16
0
121 people solved
Jan 9, 2026
Rippling logo
Rippling
Medium
Software Engineer

Design expense rules engine and return type

Design a Rules Engine for Corporate Card Expenses Context We offer a corporate credit card that employees use for business expenses. Managers set poli...

System Design
178
0
1659 people solved
Aug 7, 2025