Google Machine Learning Interview Questions
Google Machine Learning interview questions are known for combining rigorous technical depth with product-scale thinking. At Google you’ll typically be evaluated on coding and algorithmic problem solving, applied machine learning (modeling, evaluation, and debugging), ML system design (scalability, latency, monitoring), and behavioral “Googleyness.” Expect multiple rounds that mix whiteboard-style coding, case-style ML design, and behavioral discussions; interviewers often probe how you choose models, diagnose failures, and reason about trade-offs such as latency, fairness, and data drift. Distinctive to Google is the emphasis on shipping reliable, maintainable systems at extreme scale rather than just theoretical correctness. For effective interview preparation, balance focused technical practice with narrative work. Hone coding and data-structure fluency, refresh statistics and evaluation metrics, and rehearse end-to-end system designs that address data pipelines, serving, retraining, and monitoring while explaining trade-offs clearly. Prepare concise STAR stories that highlight ownership, collaboration, and impact. Practice mock interviews with timed problem solving and verbal articulation of assumptions; being able to justify choices, surface failure modes, and propose measurement plans often separates strong candidates from acceptable ones.

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Compare NLP tokenization and LLM recommendations
You’re interviewing for an NLP-focused ML role. Part A — NLP fundamentals: tokenization Explain and compare common tokenization approaches used in mod...
Explain GRPO-style training for diffusion models
You are given a pretrained image diffusion model that generates images conditioned on text prompts (e.g., a text-to-image model). You now want to fine...
Explain LLM fine-tuning and generative models
Machine Learning fundamentals (LLM / Generative AI track) You are interviewed for an ML role focused on LLMs and generative AI. Part A — LLM fine-tuni...
Handle p≈n linear regression with L1
You must fit linear regression with p = 500 predictors and n = 600 observations. What failure modes do you expect and why does OLS overfit when p is c...
Estimate b when features exceed samples
Consider the linear model y = Xb + ε with X ∈ R^{n×(m+1)} including an intercept. a) Derive the OLS estimator b̂ = (XᵀX)^{-1}Xᵀy, stating the rank con...
Build and evaluate a full ML pipeline
You must predict both (1) probability that a user will spend >$0 in the next 7 days (classification) and (2) expected spend in the next 7 days (regres...
Handle highly imbalanced classification data
You must build a binary classifier for fraud with a 0.2% positive rate and 10M rows × 500 features. Propose an end-to-end plan that covers: 1) data sp...
Design a battery-life predictor and cold-start strategy
Smartphone Time-to-Empty (TTE) Prediction — Baseline, Features, Cold Start, Evaluation, and Monitoring Context You are building a per-device predictor...
Explain logistic regression vs forests and boosting
Technical Screen — Machine Learning Answer all parts precisely. 1) Binary logistic regression: model, loss, gradient, convexity - Define the model: p(...
Design and critique an abuse-detection ML system
ML System Design: Abusive Content Detection and Triage (Trust & Safety) Context: You are designing an ML system to identify and triage abusive content...
Build and evaluate bad-link classifier
You have 1,000 URLs labeled as bad or good and a much larger unlabeled pool, with bad links rare. Design features and train a logistic regression. Exp...
Explain linear regression to non‑technical stakeholders
Explain linear regression to a non-technical executive using a concrete business example (e.g., predicting weekly sales from price, ad spend, and stor...
Build Model to Predict Customer Contract Renewal
Predicting Enterprise Customer Renewal for Google Meet You are tasked with designing a model to predict whether an enterprise customer will renew thei...
Detect Overfitting or Underfitting in Logistic Regression Models
Logistic Regression Bias–Variance in High‑Dimensional Ads Prediction Scenario You are building a large‑scale binary classifier (e.g., click/conversion...
Explain transformer architecture and variants
Technical Screen: Explain the Transformer Architecture Scope Provide a structured deep-dive into Transformers. Your explanation should cover theory, s...
Find companies similar to a given client
System Design: Retrieve Top-20 Most Similar Companies for Sales Prospecting You are given an anchor client (e.g., The Coca‑Cola Company). Design a sys...
Identify and Fix Predictive Model Performance Gaps
Model Review: Month Encoding, Feature Scaling, and Imbalanced Data Context You are auditing an existing predictive model for operational performance. ...
Engineer Features to Enhance Smartphone Battery Life Prediction
Battery Life Prediction with Sparse History Problem You are given sparse discharge traces that record battery percentage over elapsed time for prior u...
Build and evaluate illegal-video classifier
End-to-End ML System Design: Flag Illegal YouTube Videos You are tasked with designing a production ML system to detect and triage potentially illegal...
Decide between two vendors under constraints
You have two third‑party search vendors, A and B, plus historical order‑level data: lead_time_days, unit_price, on_time_rate, defect_rate, min_order_q...