Apply operations efficiently using Command pattern

You are given an initial state and a list of operations that should be applied to it.

Setup

• The state can be thought of as a mutable object (e.g., a document, a numeric value, an inventory map, or a configuration object).
• Each operation has a type and parameters (e.g., Set(key, value) , Increment(key, delta) , Delete(key) , etc.).

Requirements

1. Implement an operation executor that applies all operations to produce the final state.
2. Use an object-oriented approach consistent with the Command Pattern :
   • Each operation should be represented as a command with an execute(state) method (and optionally undo(state) if discussed).
3. Optimize execution when possible:
   • Avoid naively applying every operation sequentially if there are opportunities to combine, cancel, reorder, or short-circuit operations without changing the final result .

What to discuss

• Your command abstractions and how new operation types can be added.
• Correctness constraints for optimization (when reordering/merging is safe).
• Time/space complexity and edge cases (conflicting operations, no-ops).