This question evaluates understanding of distributed consensus protocols, replicated logs, linearizability, fault tolerance, and operational concerns such as leader election, quorum semantics, log replication, membership changes, and failure recovery.
You are designing a fault-tolerant replicated log to back a stateful service (e.g., a key-value store). The system must be linearizable, tolerate crash-recovery failures and network partitions, and run on 2f+1 nodes to survive up to f failures.
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