Evaluate an arithmetic expression

Q: Evaluate an arithmetic expression

This question evaluates a candidate's ability to implement expression parsing and evaluation, assessing competencies in string parsing, operator precedence, parentheses handling, and integer arithmetic semantics including truncation toward zero.

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Question

Write a function that evaluates a mathematical expression given as a string.

Requirements:

Supports non-negative integers and whitespace.
Supports operators + , - , * , / with standard precedence ( * and / before + and - ).
Optionally supports parentheses ( and ) (if you choose to support them, document your approach).
Integer division should truncate toward zero.

Examples:

Input: "3+2*2" → Output: 7
Input: " 3/2 " → Output: 1
Input: " 3+5 / 2 " → Output: 5
(If supporting parentheses) Input: "2*(3+(4-1))" → Output: 12

Evaluate an arithmetic expression

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