Explain virtual machines and concurrency basics

Q: Explain virtual machines and concurrency basics

This is a Software Engineering Fundamentals interview question from NVIDIA for Software Engineer roles. View the full question and solution on PracHub.

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Question

Topics

Answer at a senior-engineer depth. Use diagrams or step-by-step reasoning as needed.

1) Virtual machines (VMs)

What is a VM and what problem does it solve?
How does a hypervisor work (Type 1 vs Type 2)?
How are CPU, memory, storage, and networking virtualized?
What are typical performance and security tradeoffs vs containers?

2) Concurrency

Define concurrency vs parallelism.
Explain common primitives (threads, locks, atomics, semaphores, condition variables).
How do you prevent race conditions and deadlocks?
How would you debug a production concurrency issue?

Explain virtual machines and concurrency basics

Topics

1) Virtual machines (VMs)

2) Concurrency

Solution

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