Find kth smallest in sorted 2D matrix
Company: TikTok
Role: Software Engineer
Category: Coding & Algorithms
Difficulty: medium
Interview Round: Technical Screen
You are given an `n x m` matrix of integers where **each row and each column is sorted in non-decreasing order**.
You are also given an integer `k` such that `1 <= k <= n * m`.
Return the **k-th smallest element** in the matrix, where elements are ordered by value in non-decreasing order and duplicates are counted according to their occurrences.
**Example:**
- Input:
- `matrix = [[1, 5, 9], [10, 11, 13], [12, 13, 15]]`
- `k = 8`
- All elements in sorted order: `[1, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13, 15]`
- Output: `13` (the 8th element in the sorted list).
Design an algorithm that is more efficient than flattening the matrix and fully sorting all `n * m` elements.
Quick Answer: This question evaluates algorithmic problem-solving and data-structure reasoning, focusing on order statistics and operations on a row- and column-sorted matrix within the Coding & Algorithms domain.