How to host many domains on one IP?

Q: How to host many domains on one IP?

Evaluates knowledge of DNS, HTTP/HTTPS request routing, TLS certificate management, and operational/security trade-offs when hosting multiple domains on a single public IP. Commonly asked to probe architectural reasoning and practical deployment trade-offs in the System Design domain at an architectural/operational level of abstraction.

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Question

You have a single Linux server with one public IPv4 address. A coffee shop, butcher shop, and auto repair shop each want their own website and their own domain/URL (e.g., coffee.example, butcher.example, auto.example).

How would you host all of these sites on that one server/IP?

Cover:

DNS setup
How incoming HTTP/HTTPS requests get routed to the correct site
How you would handle TLS certificates
Key operational/security considerations (isolation, logging, deployments)

How to host many domains on one IP?

Quick Overview

Solution

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