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Implement bag-of-words similarity search from scratch

Last updated: Mar 29, 2026

Quick Overview

This question evaluates knowledge and implementation skills in text processing, vector-space models, and information retrieval, covering tokenization, term-frequency and TF–IDF weighting, cosine similarity, and ranking for similarity search within the Coding & Algorithms domain.

  • Medium
  • Apple
  • Coding & Algorithms
  • Machine Learning Engineer

Implement bag-of-words similarity search from scratch

Company: Apple

Role: Machine Learning Engineer

Category: Coding & Algorithms

Difficulty: Medium

Interview Round: Technical Screen

Implement a bag-of-words–based text similarity search engine from scratch. Write code that: ( 1) tokenizes text (lowercasing, punctuation handling, Unicode support, and optional stopword removal/stemming—justify your choices), ( 2) builds document vectors using term frequency and supports TF–IDF weighting, ( 3) computes similarity scores (implement cosine similarity; optionally compare with Jaccard), and ( 4) returns the top-k most similar document IDs for a given query along with their scores. Clearly define each function’s purpose and inputs/outputs, and provide a short example demonstrating end-to-end usage. Analyze time and space complexity for indexing and querying, and briefly discuss how you would scale to large corpora (e.g., inverted index, pruning, or approximate search).

Quick Answer: This question evaluates knowledge and implementation skills in text processing, vector-space models, and information retrieval, covering tokenization, term-frequency and TF–IDF weighting, cosine similarity, and ranking for similarity search within the Coding & Algorithms domain.

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|Home/Coding & Algorithms/Apple

Implement bag-of-words similarity search from scratch

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Apple
Aug 13, 2025, 12:00 AM
MediumMachine Learning EngineerTechnical ScreenCoding & Algorithms
12
0

Implement a bag-of-words–based text similarity search engine from scratch. Write code that: (

  1. tokenizes text (lowercasing, punctuation handling, Unicode support, and optional stopword removal/stemming—justify your choices), (
  2. builds document vectors using term frequency and supports TF–IDF weighting, (
  3. computes similarity scores (implement cosine similarity; optionally compare with Jaccard), and (
  4. returns the top-k most similar document IDs for a given query along with their scores. Clearly define each function’s purpose and inputs/outputs, and provide a short example demonstrating end-to-end usage. Analyze time and space complexity for indexing and querying, and briefly discuss how you would scale to large corpora (e.g., inverted index, pruning, or approximate search).

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