Implement deep clone for complex objects

Q: Implement deep clone for complex objects

This question evaluates mastery of deep object cloning, reference and memory management, and knowledge of language runtime details such as prototypes, property descriptors, symbol-keyed and non-enumerable properties, and built-in types like Maps, Sets, Dates, RegExps, and typed arrays.

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Question

Implement a deep-clone function for nested objects in JavaScript (or a language of your choice) without using JSON serialization or third-party libraries. Requirements:

Correctly copy primitives, plain objects, arrays, Maps, Sets, Dates, and RegExps.
Preserve object prototypes and property descriptors (writable, enumerable, configurable) when possible.
Handle circular references and shared substructures so identical references remain shared after cloning.
Support symbol keys and non-enumerable properties.
Do not clone functions; keep function references as-is.
Discuss time and space complexity, recursion vs. iteration, and stack-safety for very deep graphs.
Provide tests for edge cases such as self-referential objects, sparse arrays, NaN/Infinity/-0, typed arrays, and large object graphs.

Implement deep clone for complex objects

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