Sort a nearly sorted array
Company: Citadel
Role: Data Scientist
Category: Coding & Algorithms
Difficulty: hard
Interview Round: Onsite
Given an array of length \(n\) in which every element is at most \(k\) positions away from its location in the fully sorted order, design an algorithm to return the sorted array. Aim for a solution that is more efficient than \(O(n \log n)\), and state the time and space complexity.
Quick Answer: This question evaluates algorithmic problem-solving skills, specifically understanding sorting under constrained inputs and rigorous time and space complexity analysis.