Machine Learning Engineer ML System Design Interview Questions
Practice the exact questions companies are asking right now.
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Design a RAG system with evaluation
Scenario You are asked to design a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system that answers user questions using a private corpus (e.g., internal docs...
Design a fraud detection system
Scenario You are designing an end-to-end fraud detection system for an online platform (e.g., e-commerce marketplace, payments, account signup, or ad ...
How would you build an image classifier with dirty data?
Scenario You are asked to build an image classification model (single-label, multi-class) for a product team. The image dataset is known to be dirty (...
Design a video recommendation system
Scenario You are designing an ML-driven video recommendation product (home feed + “up next”) for a consumer app. The interviewer focuses heavily on in...
Design search autocomplete ML system
Design an ML-powered search autocomplete system that suggests query completions as the user types (e.g., after typing a prefix like "ipho" suggest "ip...
Design an image copyright-violation detection system
Design an ML system that detects whether a user-uploaded image violates copyright. Requirements - Input: an image uploaded by a user (optionally with ...
Design efficient Transformer inference with KV cache
You are implementing autoregressive inference for a decoder-only Transformer. 1) Explain what the KV cache is, what tensors are cached per layer, and ...
Design and optimize a RAG system
Scenario You are building a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for question answering over an internal document corpus. Task Design the end-t...
Design an ads ranking system with calibration
ML System Design: Ads Ranking (e-commerce) Design an online ads ranking (ad “re-ranking”) system for an e-commerce app. The system receives a request ...
Design an ML-powered search system
Scenario Design an end-to-end search system for a consumer product (e.g., an e-commerce marketplace or content platform) where users type queries and ...
Debug MNIST denoiser training
Debugging a Colab Denoising Network on MNIST Goal: Make a Colab notebook that trains a denoising neural network on MNIST such that: - (a) the training...
Design a chatbot over structured and unstructured data
Design a chatbot that can answer user questions using both: - Structured data (e.g., relational tables such as orders, products, pricing, user account...
Design Jira bug-to-team classification system
Problem Design a system that automatically classifies incoming Jira bug tickets into the most appropriate owning team, and produces a report for custo...
Design notification and feed recommenders
Design two recommendation systems for a large visual-discovery platform: 1. Notification recommendation system: Decide whether to send a notification ...
Design a Skills inference system
Design an end-to-end ML system to power a "Skills" feature for a professional social network. The product wants to: - Extract and infer a member’s ski...
Design a restaurant recommendation system
ML System Design: Restaurant Recommendations (Delivery App) You are designing a restaurant recommendation system for a food delivery marketplace (e.g....
Design LinkedIn Learning course recommendations
Design a mini ML system to recommend LinkedIn Learning courses to a user. Product goal: - Recommend courses that help the user succeed in their job se...
Design a model downloader
Design a system that distributes machine learning model artifacts from centralized storage to a large fleet of inference servers. The system should su...
Calibrate LLM output to match Word formatting
Scenario You’re building an LLM-powered feature in a word processor (e.g., Microsoft Word) that generates content users can insert directly into a doc...
Model other agents in simulation
Scenario You are building a driving simulation environment for training/evaluating an autonomous agent (planning or RL). Besides the ego vehicle, the ...