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Design an ads ranking system with calibration

Last updated: Mar 29, 2026

Quick Overview

This question evaluates a candidate's ability to design scalable, low-latency online machine learning systems for ads ranking, covering competencies in feature engineering, ranking model architecture, probability calibration, training and serving pipelines, and monitoring.

  • medium
  • Meta
  • ML System Design
  • Machine Learning Engineer

Design an ads ranking system with calibration

Company: Meta

Role: Machine Learning Engineer

Category: ML System Design

Difficulty: medium

Interview Round: Onsite

## ML System Design: Ads Ranking (e-commerce) Design an online **ads ranking** (ad “re-ranking”) system for an e-commerce app. The system receives a request when a user opens a page/feed and must select and order a set of candidate ads to show. ### Requirements - **Objective:** maximize long-term business value (e.g., revenue), while maintaining user experience - **Latency:** low-latency online ranking (tens of milliseconds to a few hundred ms, depending on assumptions) - **Scale:** many users/requests, many advertisers/items - **Modeling topics to cover:** - Feature engineering (user, item/ad, context, cross features) - Model architecture choices for ranking - **Calibration** of predicted probabilities (e.g., CTR/CVR) and why it matters - **Evaluation:** offline metrics + online A/B testing and guardrails Explain your end-to-end design: candidate generation, ranking/re-ranking, training pipeline, serving, and monitoring.

Quick Answer: This question evaluates a candidate's ability to design scalable, low-latency online machine learning systems for ads ranking, covering competencies in feature engineering, ranking model architecture, probability calibration, training and serving pipelines, and monitoring.

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Meta
Jan 21, 2026, 12:00 AM
Machine Learning Engineer
Onsite
ML System Design
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ML System Design: Ads Ranking (e-commerce)

Design an online ads ranking (ad “re-ranking”) system for an e-commerce app.

The system receives a request when a user opens a page/feed and must select and order a set of candidate ads to show.

Requirements

  • Objective: maximize long-term business value (e.g., revenue), while maintaining user experience
  • Latency: low-latency online ranking (tens of milliseconds to a few hundred ms, depending on assumptions)
  • Scale: many users/requests, many advertisers/items
  • Modeling topics to cover:
    • Feature engineering (user, item/ad, context, cross features)
    • Model architecture choices for ranking
    • Calibration of predicted probabilities (e.g., CTR/CVR) and why it matters
  • Evaluation: offline metrics + online A/B testing and guardrails

Explain your end-to-end design: candidate generation, ranking/re-ranking, training pipeline, serving, and monitoring.

Solution

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