ML System Design Interview Questions
Practice the exact questions companies are asking right now.
Explain ML model fundamentals
Comprehensive ML Concepts: Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Transformers, Multi-class Metrics, Bagging vs Boosting Context You are interviewing for a...
Discuss Transformer LLM Design
System-Design-Oriented LLM Question Context: You are designing, fine-tuning, and operating a Transformer-based large language model (LLM) that answers...
Design feedback-driven recommender
Design: Contextual Bandit Recommendation with Online Learning You are designing an online learning recommendation system. At each user interaction: - ...
Discuss ML infrastructure fundamentals
ML System Design: Infra Stack, Feature Store, Reproducibility, and Monitoring Context: You are designing and operating a machine learning platform tha...
Design file-embedding storage system
System Design: Multimodal Embedding Service for User Uploads Context You are designing a backend service that, for each user-uploaded asset, generates...
Design query generation system
System Design: Query-Generation to Maximize CTR Context You are designing a real-time system that generates and ranks search query suggestions shown t...
Explain ML statistics and model design concepts
Technical Phone Screen: Theory + System Design Probability and Statistics 1. Define a moment generating function (MGF) and explain how it is used. 2. ...
Design a harmful content detection system
System Design: End-to-End Harmful Content Detection (Multilingual, Multimodal) Context You are designing a safety system for a large, mobile-first, ep...
Train LinearSVC to beat baseline accuracy
Task: Train and Evaluate a LinearSVC to Beat a Baseline Context You are given a binary or multi-class classification dataset split into train and hidd...
Design an LLM-based binary classifier
Design a Binary Text Classifier Using Only a Log-Probability Scoring Helper Context You are building a binary text classifier without fine-tuning. You...
Design comment ranking for a news feed
Design an ML-powered system to rank comments under posts in a news feed product. Requirements - For each feed item (post/story), users can open the co...
Design model deployment, monitoring, and low-latency inference
You have trained a fraud detection model and need to productionize it. Part A: Deployment - How would you deploy an ML model to production? - What art...
Design a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system
Prompt Design a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system that answers user questions using an organization’s internal documents (PDFs, wiki pages, ...
Design a chatbot fallback for unknown questions
Scenario You run a ChatGPT-like assistant. Users sometimes ask questions the model cannot answer reliably (unknown/uncertain/needs up-to-date facts). ...
Select high-quality math documents from crawls
Scenario You have a web crawler that collects raw HTML/PDF documents. You want to build a pipeline that identifies high-quality math documents suitabl...
Design an AWS fine-tuning platform for LLMs
Scenario You need to build a system that lets customers fine-tune their own large language model (LLM) on AWS. Task Design a managed platform where us...
Design a restaurant recommendation system
ML System Design: Restaurant Recommendations (Delivery App) You are designing a restaurant recommendation system for a food delivery marketplace (e.g....
Design a recommendation system end-to-end
Question Design a large-scale recommendation system (e.g., short videos or e-commerce items). Requirements - Personalized feed ranking for hundreds of...
Design and optimize a RAG system
Scenario You are building a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for question answering over an internal document corpus. Task Design the end-t...
Design weapon-selling ad detection from posts
ML System Design: Detect weapon-selling ads from user posts You work on a platform with user-generated content (UGC): posts may include text, images, ...