Software Engineer ML System Design Interview Questions
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Design GPU inference request batching
Design a system that serves online model-inference requests on GPUs. Requests arrive one at a time from clients, but GPU throughput is much better whe...
How do you handle an LLM agents interview?
You have an interview on your agenda titled “Agents Interview.” Explain how you would approach this interview if it is about designing and evaluating ...
Design a high-concurrency LLM inference service
You are designing an LLM inference platform that serves interactive user requests (chat/completions) on GPUs. Goals - Support high concurrency with pr...
Design pipeline using classification and embedding services
You are given two black-box ML services: 1. Classification Service - Input: One or more text documents. - Output: A label for each document (e.g...
Design NL-to-Formula assistant for Airtable
Scenario You are given: - An Airtable API key and a link/base/table you can read/write. - An LLM API key (e.g., Claude) that you can call. Users type ...
Design a batch inference API
System Design: Async Inference Service API (POST Job, Poll for Results) Context You are designing an asynchronous inference service where clients subm...
Design an NL-to-formula assistant
ML system design: Natural-language to spreadsheet formula assistant Design an assistant that converts natural language requests into spreadsheet-style...
Design a low-latency ML inference API
System Design: Low‑Latency ML Inference API (Real‑Time) Context You are designing an in‑region, synchronous inference API used by product surfaces (e....
Estimate VRAM and compare model parallelism
You are reasoning about GPU memory and parallelism for a transformer-like workload dominated by matrix multiplications. Part 1: Can one matmul’s tenso...
Build and design a Mistral RAG agent
Design and Implement a Minimal LLM-Powered RAG Agent (Python, Mistral API) Context You are asked to build a minimal, but production-minded, retrieval-...
Design an LLM-based binary classifier
Design a Binary Text Classifier Using Only a Log-Probability Scoring Helper Context You are building a binary text classifier without fine-tuning. You...
Design a GPU credit system and scheduler
Design a GPU Credit Accounting and Scheduling Service (Technical Screen) Context You are designing a backend service for an ML platform that runs trai...
Design a GPU inference API
System Design: GPU-Backed Multi-Model Inference API Context Design a production-grade inference platform for serving multiple ML models (e.g., LLMs, v...
Design a game recommendation modeling approach
Scenario You are building a personalized game recommender for a consumer app/store. The goal is to recommend a ranked list of games to each user to in...
Review an inference API design for scale
System Design Review: Machine-Learning Inference API (Distributed Systems Focus) Background You are reviewing a teammate’s design document for a produ...
Design a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system
Prompt Design a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system that answers user questions using an organization’s internal documents (PDFs, wiki pages, ...
What skills are needed for AI infra roles?
You interviewed for an AI infrastructure / LLM serving internship role and were told the rejection reason was insufficient familiarity with vLLM, incl...
How would you optimize large-scale training/inference?
You’re discussing your experience with large-scale model training and inference on GPUs. The interviewer wants you to proactively cover optimization t...
Design an enterprise RAG assistant for internal docs
Scenario Design an enterprise GPT-style assistant that allows employees to ask questions about internal company documents (policies, wikis, specs, tic...
Design a prompt processing backend
System Design: Background Processing Backend for LLM Prompts Context Design a multi-tenant backend that processes large language model (LLM) prompts a...