Software Engineer ML System Design Interview Questions
Practice the exact questions companies are asking right now.
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Design pipeline using classification and embedding services
You are given two black-box ML services: 1. Classification Service - Input: One or more text documents. - Output: A label for each document (e.g...
Design NL-to-Formula assistant for Airtable
Scenario You are given: - An Airtable API key and a link/base/table you can read/write. - An LLM API key (e.g., Claude) that you can call. Users type ...
Estimate VRAM and compare model parallelism
You are reasoning about GPU memory and parallelism for a transformer-like workload dominated by matrix multiplications. Part 1: Can one matmul’s tenso...
Design a low-latency ML inference API
System Design: Low‑Latency ML Inference API (Real‑Time) Context You are designing an in‑region, synchronous inference API used by product surfaces (e....
Design a game recommendation modeling approach
Scenario You are building a personalized game recommender for a consumer app/store. The goal is to recommend a ranked list of games to each user to in...
Build and design a Mistral RAG agent
Design and Implement a Minimal LLM-Powered RAG Agent (Python, Mistral API) Context You are asked to build a minimal, but production-minded, retrieval-...
What skills are needed for AI infra roles?
You interviewed for an AI infrastructure / LLM serving internship role and were told the rejection reason was insufficient familiarity with vLLM, incl...
Design an LLM-based binary classifier
Design a Binary Text Classifier Using Only a Log-Probability Scoring Helper Context You are building a binary text classifier without fine-tuning. You...
Design a batch inference API
System Design: Async Inference Service API (POST Job, Poll for Results) Context You are designing an asynchronous inference service where clients subm...
Design a GPU credit system and scheduler
Design a GPU Credit Accounting and Scheduling Service (Technical Screen) Context You are designing a backend service for an ML platform that runs trai...
How would you optimize large-scale training/inference?
You’re discussing your experience with large-scale model training and inference on GPUs. The interviewer wants you to proactively cover optimization t...
Design a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system
Prompt Design a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system that answers user questions using an organization’s internal documents (PDFs, wiki pages, ...
Design a GPU inference API
System Design: GPU-Backed Multi-Model Inference API Context Design a production-grade inference platform for serving multiple ML models (e.g., LLMs, v...
Design an enterprise RAG assistant for internal docs
Scenario Design an enterprise GPT-style assistant that allows employees to ask questions about internal company documents (policies, wikis, specs, tic...
Review an inference API design for scale
System Design Review: Machine-Learning Inference API (Distributed Systems Focus) Background You are reviewing a teammate’s design document for a produ...
Design trending queries ranking system
You are designing a system to power the Top Trending Queries section on the home page of an AI search/Q&A platform (similar to Perplexity). The produc...
Design personalized discovery recommendations
You are designing a personalized "Discovery" page for an AI-powered search/Q&A platform (similar to Perplexity). The Discovery page should show each u...
Design sequential reveal classification and policy
FashionMNIST: Row-wise Reveal Evaluation, Reward-Optimal Masking, Augmentation, and Early Exit Context You have a trained CNN classifier for FashionMN...
Design a prompt processing backend
System Design: Background Processing Backend for LLM Prompts Context Design a multi-tenant backend that processes large language model (LLM) prompts a...
Implement resilient LLM provider pool
System Design Task: Resilient Multi‑Provider LLM Client Library Context You are designing a client library used by backend services to call external L...