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This question evaluates understanding of pandas and SQL fundamentals—specifically pandas Series vs DataFrame distinctions, SQL WHERE vs HAVING semantics, and practical duplicate-detection in transactional data—targeting data manipulation competency for Data Engineer roles.

  • easy
  • Rbcroyalbank
  • Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)
  • Data Engineer

Explain Pandas and SQL Basics

Company: Rbcroyalbank

Role: Data Engineer

Category: Data Manipulation (SQL/Python)

Difficulty: easy

Interview Round: Technical Screen

You are interviewing for a Data Engineer internship. Answer the following short data-manipulation questions: 1. In pandas, what is the difference between a `Series` and a `DataFrame`? Compare their dimensionality, indexing behavior, and common use cases. 2. In SQL, what is the difference between `WHERE` and `HAVING`? Explain when each filter is applied and whether aggregate expressions can be used. 3. Consider a table `transactions_raw` with the following schema: - `ingest_id BIGINT` - `account_id BIGINT` - `transaction_id BIGINT` - `amount DECIMAL(12,2)` - `transaction_ts TIMESTAMP` Assume `transaction_ts` is stored in UTC, and there are no foreign-key relationships relevant to this task. Define a duplicate as multiple rows with the same `(account_id, transaction_id, amount, transaction_ts)`. Write a SQL query that returns all duplicate groups with the output columns: `account_id, transaction_id, amount, transaction_ts, duplicate_count`.

Quick Answer: This question evaluates understanding of pandas and SQL fundamentals—specifically pandas Series vs DataFrame distinctions, SQL WHERE vs HAVING semantics, and practical duplicate-detection in transactional data—targeting data manipulation competency for Data Engineer roles.

Last updated: May 7, 2026

Related Coding Questions

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