American Family Insurance hires Software Engineers; this guide collects what candidates report about the process.
Recruiter Phone Screen
reportedInitial call to verify baseline qualifications, logistics, and compensation alignment.
What to demonstrate
- Initial call to verify baseline qualifications, logistics, and compensation alignment
- Depth in Behavioral Interviewing (STAR)
How to prepare
- Be able to walk your CV end to end in two minutes, and say why this company specifically.
- Have your salary expectations, notice period and location constraints ready, and ask for the rest of the loop in writing.
Technical and Behavioral Rounds
reportedEngage in interviews with hiring managers, senior engineers, or cross-functional panel members.
What to demonstrate
- Engage in interviews with hiring managers, senior engineers, or cross-functional panel members
- Depth in Behavioral Interviewing (STAR)
How to prepare
- Prepare three examples from your own work, each with a decision you made and an outcome you can quantify.
- Re-read the description of the technical and behavioral rounds above and write down what you would ask to confirm before it.
Deep-Dive Discussions
reportedDiscuss recent projects, architectural scenarios, or have a conversation with a director.
What to demonstrate
- Discuss recent projects, architectural scenarios, or have a conversation with a director
- Depth in Behavioral Interviewing (STAR)
How to prepare
- Answer aloud and timed: Tell me about a recent project you led and explain the specific troubleshooting methods you utilized to resolve critical bottlenecks.
- Answer aloud and timed: Describe a situation where you had to overcome a technical obstacle on the spot. What was your action and what was the result?
PracHub editorial advice for the preparation topics above.
Master the STAR method
Because behavioral questions heavily influence the evaluation, practice framing your past experiences with clear context, your specific responsibilities, direct actions, and measurable results.
Emphasize collaboration
Highlight your experience working in Agile, product-based teams. Show that you value peer code reviews, transparent communication, and collective problem-solving.
Clarify system assumptions
During design or architectural discussions, do not rush into drawing solutions. Ask clarifying questions about scale, constraints, and dependencies before proposing your approach.
Connect tech to business impact
When discussing recent projects, articulate how your technical solutions improved system performance, reduced downtime, or delivered tangible value to internal and external users.
Be ready to discuss troubleshooting
Interviewers love asking about how you handle production incidents or tricky bugs. Prepare concrete examples of how you systematically isolated and resolved a difficult technical failure.
Choose a category, try a prompt, then open its approach, worked solution or follow-up when you need it.
Find overlapping job attempts and peak concurrency from lease records
A day of job_run history yields about 50,000,000 attempt records: (job_run_id, job_type, attempt, started_at, finished_at which is NULL when the worker died, lease_expires_at). Leases expire on a clock, so a job that outran its lease ran twice. Produce (a) every job_run_id whose attempts overlapped in wall-clock time and (b) the peak number of simultaneously running attempts per job_type with the minute it occurred. Target O(n log n). State how you treat a NULL finished_at and what clock skew does to your answer.
Approach
- Define the interval before sorting anything: an attempt occupies [started_at, COALESCE(finished_at, lease_expires_at)). finished_at is observed and lease_expires_at is only a promise, so every attempt without a finish contributes an estimate and the whole result is a lower bound on overlap rather than an exact count.
- For peak concurrency, sweep: emit 2n endpoints, sort by (timestamp, kind) with ends ordered before starts at equal timestamps, then walk the sequence maintaining a counter per job_type and record each type's maximum with its timestamp. O(n log n) dominated by the sort, O(n) space, or O(1) extra if the sort is external and the walk streams.
- For overlap detection, do not compare attempts pairwise. A single global sort by (job_run_id, started_at) gives both the grouping and the order; within a group, keep the maximum end seen so far and report an overlap exactly when the next start is less than that running maximum, which is one linear pass after the sort.
- Half-open intervals matter and are easy to get wrong: with closed intervals an attempt ending at the same millisecond another begins reads as concurrency two, and across 50,000,000 records that artefact swamps the real signal.
Follow-up
- A handler is not idempotent and you have found 400 overlapping jobs. Which of them actually caused damage, and what would you query to find out?
- Peak concurrency for one job_type is 4 against a configured cap of 4. Is the cap working, or is the data hiding attempts that never started?
Identify the heaviest tenants in a five-minute window under memory pressure
The edge service handles about 3,000 requests per second across roughly 50,000 tenants, peaking near 9,000. Expose the 50 heaviest tenants by request count over the trailing five minutes so limits can be tightened before one tenant's backfill starves the fleet. You may not retain five minutes of raw records. Give the exact solution and its memory, then the bounded-memory approximation with its error stated as a formula, and say which you would ship and at what tenant cardinality that choice changes.
Approach
- Do the exact version first, because it is affordable at this cardinality: a ring of 300 one-second counters per tenant, advanced lazily, is 1,200 bytes of counters per tenant and roughly 60 to 90 MB for 50,000 tenants with overhead. Carry a running total and subtract the bucket you overwrite so a window read is O(1) rather than 300 adds.
- Extract the top 50 with a size-k min-heap over the tenant sums: O(d log k) for d tenants, against O(d log d) to sort them all. Maintaining the heap continuously instead of on query requires a tenant-to-heap-index map, because incrementing a count already inside the heap means sifting from a known position, and without that map you rebuild the heap on every request.
- State the approximation precisely rather than gesturing at sketches. Misra-Gries with m counters retains every item whose true count exceeds N/(m+1), and each retained count underestimates the truth by at most N/(m+1). With m = 1,000 and N = 900,000 requests in the window the error is roughly 900 requests, which is fine for spotting a tenant sending 50,000 and useless for ranking two tenants 200 apart.
- Say what breaks when the window slides: Misra-Gries and Space-Saving are insert-only and cannot be decremented as records age out. The workable construction is one summary per sub-window, say ten seconds, with 30 summaries merged at query time, and the merged error is the sum of the per-summary errors, so the bound degrades linearly in the number of sub-windows.
Follow-up
- The heaviest tenant is heavy because of one export job rather than user traffic. Should the limiter treat those as the same tenant?
- Two tenants sit tied at the boundary of the top 50. Does your answer flap, and does the flapping matter?
Collapse a redelivered event batch into per-aggregate high-water marks
You drain a batch of up to 5,000,000 events, each (aggregate_id BIGINT, aggregate_version INT, event_type, payload). The log guarantees order within one aggregate only; the batch merges 64 partitions, and a relay failover has redelivered a range, so an older version for an aggregate can appear after a newer one. Given a map of last_applied_version per aggregate, produce the events worth applying, at most one per (aggregate_id, version), plus the count discarded. Target O(n) time. State the memory for 2,000,000 distinct aggregates and what you do when it does not fit.
Approach
- One pass, one hash map from aggregate_id to the highest version kept, and a discard counter. An event whose version is at or below last_applied_version for its aggregate is dropped without further work, which is the whole reason the event carries its version rather than a delta. O(n) expected time, O(d) space in distinct aggregates.
- Keep the maximum, never the last occurrence. The redelivered range means the final appearance of an aggregate in the batch can be an older version than one seen earlier in the same batch, so last-wins applies stale state over newer state and the projection regresses with no error anywhere.
- Cost the memory instead of calling it large: an 8-byte key plus a 4-byte version is 12 bytes of payload, and an open-addressed table held at a 0.7 load factor costs roughly 17 bytes per entry before per-slot metadata, so 2,000,000 aggregates is tens of megabytes in a native layout and several times that in a runtime that boxes both key and value.
- If the distinct set exceeds memory, partition on hash(aggregate_id) mod P and reduce each partition independently. Every event for one aggregate hashes to the same partition, so the per-partition result is exact and the merge is concatenation rather than a second reduction.
Follow-up
- The payload is a patch rather than a snapshot, so applying only the highest version loses the intermediate changes. What changes in your reduction?
- How do you detect that version 7 arrived while version 6 was never delivered, and what should the consumer do about the gap?
Explain why the owner filter ignores the listing index
The only index on resource is (tenant_id, status, updated_at DESC, resource_id DESC). A new endpoint returns one user's resources across all statuses, newest created first: WHERE tenant_id = $1 AND owner_user_id = $2 ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 20. On a tenant with 2M rows it takes 900 ms and EXPLAIN shows a sort above a large scan. Explain precisely why the existing index cannot serve it, give the index that can, and state which of these the new index still will not help: owner_user_id alone across tenants; the same query ordered by updated_at. PostgreSQL 16.
Approach
- Separate the two jobs an index does. For filtering, a composite btree is seekable only on a left prefix, so with no predicate on status the scan can at best range over tenant_id and test owner_user_id per row; PostgreSQL 16 has no btree skip scan to jump the unconstrained column.
- For ordering, the index is sorted by (status, updated_at) within a tenant and not by created_at, so the LIMIT cannot stop early: every matching row is read and then sorted. That is the 'Sort Method: top-N heapsort' line, and it is why the plan reads 2M rows to answer with 20.
- Derive the replacement from the access path — equality, equality, then the ordering column: CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY ON resource (tenant_id, owner_user_id, created_at DESC). The scan seeks to the (tenant, owner) range and walks 20 entries in order, so the Sort node disappears along with the row-read.
- Treat INCLUDE (title, status) as conditional, not free. An index-only scan still visits the heap for any row whose page is not marked all-visible, so on a table taking 1.2k writes/second the win depends on autovacuum keeping the visibility map current, and the wider index costs more on every insert.
Follow-up
- 90% of rows are status='active'. Would a partial index WHERE status = 'active' change your answer, and for which of the three queries?
- A dashboard runs this for 40 owners in one page load. What changes about the design?
Denormalise tenant onto revisions and backfill it live
resource_revision (revision_id, resource_id, version, actor_user_id, change_kind, patch, request_id, created_at) has 400M rows and no tenant column; tenant_id lives only on resource. Two reads need it: a tenant-scoped audit feed ordered by created_at DESC, and an offboarding purge. Both join back to resource today. Justify adding tenant_id to resource_revision against those two reads, name the anomaly the copy introduces and the constraint that prevents it, then give the ordered migration for a live table taking 1.2k writes/second — the lock each step takes, how the backfill is batched, and where each step stops being reversible. PostgreSQL 16.
Approach
- Justify from the access path rather than from taste. Without the column, the audit feed either scans resource_revision by created_at and discards other tenants' rows, or resolves the tenant's resource_ids first and probes with them — both proportional to the tenant's whole history rather than to one page. With (tenant_id, created_at DESC, revision_id DESC) it is a seek that stops at 50 rows, and the purge becomes a ranged delete instead of a join.
- Name the cost exactly: a second copy of a fact can disagree with the first. Make the disagreement unwritable rather than documented — add UNIQUE (resource_id, tenant_id) on resource so it can serve as a foreign-key target, then FOREIGN KEY (resource_id, tenant_id) REFERENCES resource (resource_id, tenant_id) on the revision table. A revision can then only ever carry its parent's tenant.
- Step one, expand: ALTER TABLE resource_revision ADD COLUMN tenant_id BIGINT NULL, with no default, so it is a catalogue change and no rewrite. It still needs ACCESS EXCLUSIVE for an instant, and that instant queues behind the longest open transaction on the table while every later query queues behind it — set lock_timeout to 2s and retry rather than wait.
- Step two, dual-write: deploy the writer that populates tenant_id on every new revision while reads still use the join. Reversible by redeploying the previous build, because nothing reads the column yet.
Follow-up
- The backfill is half finished and a rollback is required. What state is the table in, and what does the previous build do with a half-populated column?
- How do you verify the backfill actually finished, given rows are still being inserted while it runs?
How would you approach designing an application system from high-level specifications to a low-level design pl
How would you approach designing an application system from high-level specifications to a low-level design plan?
Approach
- Fix the scope first: who calls this, how often, and what they do when it fails.
- Name the read and write paths separately; they rarely have the same bottleneck.
- Choose a partition key and say what query it makes expensive.
- State the consistency you need, and where you are willing to be stale.
Follow-up
- What breaks first when traffic grows ten times?
- How does this behave when that dependency is down for an hour?
Can you walk through how you would expand a class diagram to accommodate a new method accessible by multiple c
Can you walk through how you would expand a class diagram to accommodate a new method accessible by multiple classes efficiently?
Approach
- Fix the scope first: who calls this, how often, and what they do when it fails.
- Name the read and write paths separately; they rarely have the same bottleneck.
- Choose a partition key and say what query it makes expensive.
- State the consistency you need, and where you are willing to be stale.
Follow-up
- What breaks first when traffic grows ten times?
- How does this behave when that dependency is down for an hour?
What considerations do you make when establishing integration and communication protocols between disparate da
What considerations do you make when establishing integration and communication protocols between disparate databases and technology platforms?
Approach
- Say who the caller is and what they do when the call fails halfway.
- Define the identity of a request so a retry cannot double-apply it.
- Separate accepted, pending, failed and confirmed; they are different facts.
- Design the error taxonomy before the success shape; callers branch on it.
Follow-up
- What happens if the caller retries after a timeout?
- How does a client discover it is on an old version of this contract?
How do you evaluate and implement cloud services like EC2, S3, or containerized environments for a new busines
How do you evaluate and implement cloud services like EC2, S3, or containerized environments for a new business capability?
Approach
- Fix the scope first: who calls this, how often, and what they do when it fails.
- Name the read and write paths separately; they rarely have the same bottleneck.
- Choose a partition key and say what query it makes expensive.
- State the consistency you need, and where you are willing to be stale.
Follow-up
- What breaks first when traffic grows ten times?
- How does this behave when that dependency is down for an hour?
What is the difference between a class and an object, and how does inheritance function in object-oriented pro
What is the difference between a class and an object, and how does inheritance function in object-oriented programming?
Approach
- Clarify what is being asked and what a complete answer contains.
- State your assumptions explicitly before working the problem.
- Say what you would check first and why it is the highest-information step.
- Work from the requirement backwards to the design.
Follow-up
- What assumption would you test first?
- How would you know your answer was wrong?
Can you explain the core concepts of functional programming and how it differs from imperative paradigms?
Can you explain the core concepts of functional programming and how it differs from imperative paradigms?
Approach
- Clarify what is being asked and what a complete answer contains.
- State your assumptions explicitly before working the problem.
- Say what you would check first and why it is the highest-information step.
- Work from the requirement backwards to the design.
Follow-up
- What assumption would you test first?
- How would you know your answer was wrong?
What experience do you have with build automation tools and continuous integration pipelines like Jenkins, Git
What experience do you have with build automation tools and continuous integration pipelines like Jenkins, GitLab, or Terraform?
Approach
- Say who the caller is and what they do when the call fails halfway.
- Define the identity of a request so a retry cannot double-apply it.
- Separate accepted, pending, failed and confirmed; they are different facts.
- Design the error taxonomy before the success shape; callers branch on it.
Follow-up
- What happens if the caller retries after a timeout?
- How does a client discover it is on an old version of this contract?
One log partition stops advancing while the others drain
Search results for a subset of tenants are hours stale; the rest are current. The projection consumer reports lag of zero on 15 of 16 partitions and 400,000 on one. Its error rate is flat and its CPU is idle. outbox_event has no pending rows older than a second, so the relay has published everything it holds. Identify the mechanism, give the ordered checks, and state what you do in the first ten minutes versus what you change permanently.
Approach
- Read the lag distribution first. A slow consumer lags everywhere; zero on fifteen partitions and 400,000 on one is not throughput. Idle CPU on the stuck partition means the consumer is not advancing its offset at all, which points at one message it cannot get past rather than at a rate problem.
- Exonerate the producer before touching the consumer. No pending outbox rows older than a second means the relay published, so the event exists in the log. This separates never sent from sent and never applied, which are different code paths and usually different owners.
- Read the message at the stuck offset and the handler's log lines for its event_id. A flat error rate with no progress has two explanations and you must distinguish them: the handler is throwing and the retry loop is swallowing it, or the handler is blocking on something and never returning. Idle CPU with no error lines favours the second.
- Mitigate before diagnosing further. Move the offending event to a dead-letter store and commit the offset past it. Adding consumers does nothing here, because a partition is consumed by exactly one member of the group, and the blast radius is every aggregate hashed to that partition, not only the aggregate that produced the bad event.
Follow-up
- The dead-lettered event carried aggregate_version 7 and the projection had applied 6. What must the replay do differently if 8 and 9 landed in the meantime?
- How do you show staleness to the user while the partition is behind, given the API already returns the projection's watermark?
Built from the rounds and topics American Family Insurance candidates report.
Prepare, practise & reflect
One practical outcome each day. Spend longer where you need it.
0 / 7 done01Map the American Family Insurance loop
- Write out the reported sequence: Recruiter Phone Screen, Technical and Behavioral Rounds, Deep-Dive Discussions.
- For each round, write one sentence on what it is judging, from the description above, and mark the one you are least ready for.
Deliverable: A one-page map of the 3 reported rounds, with the weakest marked.
02Work Behavioral Interviewing (STAR)
- Spend the session on Behavioral Interviewing (STAR), which American Family Insurance candidates report being tested on.
- Write one worked example in Behavioral Interviewing (STAR) and time yourself on it.
Deliverable: One timed worked example in Behavioral Interviewing (STAR).
03Work System Design (Software Design)
- Spend the session on System Design (Software Design), which American Family Insurance candidates report being tested on.
- Write one worked example in System Design (Software Design) and time yourself on it.
Deliverable: One timed worked example in System Design (Software Design).
04Work Functional Programming Concepts
- Spend the session on Functional Programming Concepts, which American Family Insurance candidates report being tested on.
- Write one worked example in Functional Programming Concepts and time yourself on it.
Deliverable: One timed worked example in Functional Programming Concepts.
05Answer out loud: Software & System Design
- Answer aloud, timed: How would you approach designing an application system from high-level specifications to a low-level design plan?
- Answer aloud, timed: Can you walk through how you would expand a class diagram to accommodate a new method accessible by multiple classes efficiently?
Deliverable: Spoken answers to 2 reported Software & System Design question(s), under time.
06Answer out loud: Behavioral & Situational (STAR Method)
- Answer aloud, timed: Tell me about a recent project you led and explain the specific troubleshooting methods you utilized to resolve critical bottlenecks.
- Answer aloud, timed: Describe a situation where you had to overcome a technical obstacle on the spot. What was your action and what was the result?
Deliverable: Spoken answers to 2 reported Behavioral & Situational (STAR Method) question(s), under time.
07Answer out loud: Technical & Domain Knowledge
- Answer aloud, timed: What is the difference between a class and an object, and how does inheritance function in object-oriented programming?
- Answer aloud, timed: Can you explain the core concepts of functional programming and how it differs from imperative paradigms?
Deliverable: Spoken answers to 2 reported Technical & Domain Knowledge question(s), under time.
Expand any day for tasks and deliverables. Your progress is saved on this device.
Behavioural rounds judge the decision you made and what it cost.
Tell me about a recent project you led and explain the specific troubleshooting methods you utilized to resolv
Tell me about a recent project you led and explain the specific troubleshooting methods you utilized to resolve critical bottlenecks.
Approach
- Pick a story where you made the decision, not one where you watched it.
- State the situation in two sentences and spend the rest on the reasoning.
- Give the blast radius: what could have broken, and what you measured.
- Name the disagreement and how you resolved it with evidence.
Follow-up
- What would you do differently if you ran that again?
- How did you know your change caused the improvement?
Describe a situation where you had to overcome a technical obstacle on the spot. What was your action and what
Describe a situation where you had to overcome a technical obstacle on the spot. What was your action and what was the result?
Approach
- Pick a story where you made the decision, not one where you watched it.
- State the situation in two sentences and spend the rest on the reasoning.
- Give the blast radius: what could have broken, and what you measured.
- Name the disagreement and how you resolved it with evidence.
Follow-up
- What would you do differently if you ran that again?
- How did you know your change caused the improvement?
How do you handle disagreements regarding technical direction or design choices within a product-based team?
How do you handle disagreements regarding technical direction or design choices within a product-based team?
Approach
- Pick a story where you made the decision, not one where you watched it.
- State the situation in two sentences and spend the rest on the reasoning.
- Give the blast radius: what could have broken, and what you measured.
- Name the disagreement and how you resolved it with evidence.
Follow-up
- What would you do differently if you ran that again?
- How did you know your change caused the improvement?
Describe a time when you had to learn a new tool or programming language quickly to meet project deadlines.
Describe a time when you had to learn a new tool or programming language quickly to meet project deadlines.
Approach
- Pick a story where you made the decision, not one where you watched it.
- State the situation in two sentences and spend the rest on the reasoning.
- Give the blast radius: what could have broken, and what you measured.
- Name the disagreement and how you resolved it with evidence.
Follow-up
- What would you do differently if you ran that again?
- How did you know your change caused the improvement?
How do you approach code reviews and identifying logic flaws, such as infinite loops or syntax errors, in lega
How do you approach code reviews and identifying logic flaws, such as infinite loops or syntax errors, in legacy codebases?
Approach
- Pick a story where you made the decision, not one where you watched it.
- State the situation in two sentences and spend the rest on the reasoning.
- Give the blast radius: what could have broken, and what you measured.
- Name the disagreement and how you resolved it with evidence.
Follow-up
- What would you do differently if you ran that again?
- How did you know your change caused the improvement?
- 01
Tell me about a recent project you led and explain the specific troubleshooting methods you utilized to resolve critical bottlenecks.
- 02
Describe a situation where you had to overcome a technical obstacle on the spot. What was your action and what was the result?
- 03
How do you handle disagreements regarding technical direction or design choices within a product-based team?
- 04
Describe a time when you had to learn a new tool or programming language quickly to meet project deadlines.
How difficult is the interview process, and how much preparation time should I plan for?
The overall interview difficulty is generally rated as average, focusing heavily on practical fundamentals rather than obscure algorithmic puzzles. Plan for at least one to two weeks of targeted preparation, reviewing your past project architecture, refreshing your core programming concepts, and practicing STAR-method behavioral responses.
American Family Insurance Software Engineer candidate reports ↗What is the company's culture like for engineering teams?
Engineering teams operate within a hybrid work model that emphasizes product-based ownership, agile delivery, and cross-functional teamwork. The culture values work-life balance while expecting high accountability, continuous learning, and a strong commitment to customer-driven solutions.
American Family Insurance Software Engineer candidate reports ↗What is the typical timeline from the initial recruiter screen to a final offer?
The process moves at a notably efficient pace, often taking anywhere from one to three weeks from your initial application or recruiter outreach to the final interview stages. Timely communication from recruitment coordinators helps keep momentum steady.
American Family Insurance Software Engineer candidate reports ↗Are there specific location or hybrid office expectations for this role?
Yes. Many engineering positions operate under a hybrid model requiring a minimum number of in-office days per month (such as 10 days) at core office locations like Madison, Wisconsin or Boston, Massachusetts, for candidates residing within a defined geographic radius.
American Family Insurance Software Engineer candidate reports ↗What topics does American Family Insurance test in interviews?
American Family Insurance interviews most often cover Problem Solving, Communication Skills, SQL, Cross-Functional Collaboration, and Requirement Gathering. The exact emphasis depends on the specific role you apply for.
American Family Insurance Software Engineer candidate reports ↗Sources & methodology 3 sources ↗
No official company page is cited. Rounds and questions come from candidate reports and PracHub editorial material; each source shows the date it was read.
- 01American Family Insurance Software Engineer candidate reports ↗
Company-reported rounds, questions and FAQ.
Candidate reports · Accessed 2026-09-22 - 02PracHub Software Engineer practice ↗
PracHub practice material, not company-reported.
PracHub page · Accessed 2026-09-22 - 03PracHub preparation framework ↗
PracHub preparation guidance.
PracHub page · Accessed 2026-09-22
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