The Broad Institute · Data Scientist
Updated · 2026-09-22

The Broad Institute Data Scientist
Interview Questions & Guide 2026

THE 60-SECOND BRIEF

As a Data Scientist at The Broad Institute, you will play a vital role in advancing groundbreaking research in genomics and biomedical science. This position is crucial for transforming complex biological data into actionable insights that can lead to innovative treatments and therapies. Your work will directly impact the institute's mission to improve human health by integrating data science with cutting-edge research in genetics, cancer, and infectious diseases.

Nearly every loop contains a round whose deliverable is a recommendation to someone non-technical. Practise stating a conclusion, the confidence attached to it, and the cost of being wrong in each direction, because that triple is the artifact being graded.

The Broad Institute candidates report 3 rounds · ≈ 3-5 weeks. The stages below are what candidates describe, not a published process.

Build member-month denominators from overlapping coverage spansMinimise protected health information in every extractRisk-adjust outcomes before comparing providers or panels

30 min read

Browse Data Scientist questions

See the practice prompts

14Practice promptsAcross five skill areas
3With worked solutionsIncluded in the practice prompts

As a Data Scientist at The Broad Institute, you will play a vital role in advancing groundbreaking research in genomics and biomedical science. This position is crucial for transforming complex biological data into actionable insights that can lead to innovative treatments and therapies. Your work will directly impact the institute's mission to improve human health by integrating data science with cutting-edge research in genetics, cancer, and infectious diseases.

In this dynamic environment, you will collaborate with interdisciplinary teams, including biologists, clinicians, and other data specialists, to tackle complex scientific questions. The role demands a blend of technical expertise and creative problem-solving to develop algorithms, analyze large datasets, and interpret results that guide research directions. Expect to engage in projects that influence key initiatives, such as precision medicine and public health improvements, making your contributions not only significant but also deeply rewarding.

01

Initial Screening

reported

A screening call is a matching exercise run by someone who will not evaluate your statistics. They are checking that the work described on your resume is work you personally did, and that its scope matches the level the role is written for. Logistics get settled in the same half hour so nobody spends an interviewer's afternoon on a mismatch. The answer that fails is the one narrated in the plural. If every sentence is 'we built' and 'the team decided', there is nothing specific to write down about you. Name the piece that was yours, the decision you made inside it, and what changed after.

What to demonstrate

  • Whether the ownership implied by your resume survives one round of follow-up about who actually did which part
  • Whether your described scope (data size, stakeholders, what shipped) matches the seniority the role is written at
  • Whether timeline, location and compensation expectations make the rest of the loop worth scheduling

How to prepare

  • Rewrite your top three resume bullets in the first person singular, each with the decision you made and what moved afterwards, then say them out loud once so the 'we' does not return under pressure
  • Attach one number to each project: the baseline, the change, and the window it was measured over. Where impact was never measured, say that plainly rather than inventing a figure
  • Settle your compensation range before the call and give it as a range with a reason behind it, such as current total comp or a competing timeline, instead of deflecting the question twice
PracHub interview research ↗
02

Coding Assessment

reported

Before anything else, this round is a reading test. You are given a small schema and a question phrased in business language, and most of the difficulty sits in the gap between them. Who counts as an active user, does a refunded order still count as an order, is that date column an event time or a load time. Weak answers start typing immediately and compute something precise about the wrong population. Strong ones pin the definition in one sentence, name the column that encodes it, then write the query. On a timed assessment with nobody to tell, write the definition in a comment anyway.

What to demonstrate

  • Whether an ambiguous term becomes a specific column and filter before any computation happens
  • Whether you read the schema for keys and cardinality rather than only for column names
  • Whether the result answers the question at the grain it was asked at, per user or per session or per day

How to prepare

  • Take three metrics you already use and write down the exact filter and exact grain behind each, then practise stating one of them in a single sentence out loud
  • On a schema you have never seen, spend the first minute writing what one row of each table means and which key it is unique on, then predict which joins can duplicate rows
  • Rehearse a version where the definition changes halfway through, and edit the query you have instead of starting over
PracHub interview research ↗
03

Team Interviews

reported

Because the format is not fixed, prepare the reasoning rather than the ritual. Nearly every version of this round draws on the same underlying material: a design you can defend, a metric you can define exactly, an analysis whose assumptions you can state out loud. Only the wrapper changes, whether that is a take-home, a live case, a deep dive on past work, or a rough estimate on a whiteboard. Answers rehearsed to fit one shape stall the moment the shape differs. Practise naming the assumption behind a number, then saying how much the conclusion moves if that assumption is wrong.

What to demonstrate

  • Whether your justification for a method survives the question 'why not the simpler thing', including when the simpler thing would have worked
  • Precision under pressure: what exactly counts as an active user, a conversion or a success, over what window, with what exclusions
  • Whether you carry an argument through to a recommendation instead of stopping at a list of tradeoffs

How to prepare

  • For each project you plan to mention, write the metric definition in one sentence: numerator, denominator, time window, exclusions. Say it out loud once, because vagueness shows up in speech before it shows up on paper.
  • Rehearse the same project at three lengths: two minutes, ten minutes, and a deep dive on one technical decision. Cutting live is harder than it sounds.
  • For your headline result, write down what would have had to be true for it to be wrong, and how you ruled that out.
PracHub interview research ↗

PracHub editorial advice for the preparation topics above.

01

Reading the most recent months of a claims-based series as real

Claims incur before they are reported and paid, so recent incurred months are systematically undercounted until runout completes. The lag is not uniform: pharmacy adjudicates in days, professional claims in weeks, inpatient facility claims in months. That means recent data is both too low and mix-shifted toward cheap services, which reads as a cost improvement and a utilisation drop at once. The fix is to hold the last three incurred months back or apply completion factors, and to state the paid-through date on every chart.

02

Rates built on member counts rather than exposure

Members join and leave mid-period, so dividing events by distinct members mixes a person covered for 30 days with one covered for 365. New joiners also have artificially low observed utilisation because their claims have not arrived yet and because care takes time to initiate. Denominators must be member-months or member-years, and comparative quality measures usually need a continuous-enrolment requirement with an explicit allowable gap, stated in days.

03

Reading experiment results before checking the arm split

Compare observed arm counts against the intended allocation ratio, not an assumed even split, and set the alarm far below the conventional 0.05: at 0.05 roughly one healthy experiment in twenty trips it, which is why sample-ratio checks usually run at p < 0.001 or stricter. The test's power scales with sample size, so it misses a real diversion on a small experiment and fires on an imbalance too small to move the estimate on a very large one. A flag means go find the assignment or logging fault before reading any outcome, not report a mismatch.

04

Solving silently instead of narrating the reasoning

Say which branch you are taking and why you chose it over the alternative, for example checking the denominator first because it changes what the comparison means. A correct answer that arrives with no visible path scores below a rigorous one that needed a hint.

Choose a category, try a prompt, then open its approach, worked solution or follow-up when you need it.

11 technical prompts3 include a worked solution

Write a function to calculate the mean and standard deviation of a dat…

medium
statistics and probability

Write a function to calculate the mean and standard deviation of a dataset.

Approach
  1. Sanity-check the answer against a simple bound or a simulated case.
  2. Say what the estimate is of, and over what population it generalises.
  3. Translate the result into the decision it informs, in one plain sentence.
Follow-up
  • Which assumption here is most likely to be violated in practice?
  • What sample size would you need to detect an effect half this size?

Describe a machine learning algorithm you have implemented and the out…

medium
machine learning and modelling

Describe a machine learning algorithm you have implemented and the outcome.

Approach
  1. Frame the prediction: the label, the moment of prediction, and the action it triggers.
  2. Pick an evaluation metric that matches the cost of each error type, not a default.
  3. Say how the offline result would be validated online before it is trusted.
Follow-up
  • What would you monitor after launch to know the model is still valid?
  • How would you choose the decision threshold, and who owns that choice?

Explain the time complexity of your solution for a given algorithm.

medium
machine learning and modelling

Explain the time complexity of your solution for a given algorithm.

Approach
  1. Pick an evaluation metric that matches the cost of each error type, not a default.
  2. Say how the offline result would be validated online before it is trusted.
  3. Set a baseline first, so any model has something honest to beat.
Follow-up
  • How would you choose the decision threshold, and who owns that choice?
  • Where could label leakage enter this setup?

Describe your process for developing a predictive model for patient ou…

medium
machine learning and modelling

Describe your process for developing a predictive model for patient outcomes.

Approach
  1. Frame the prediction: the label, the moment of prediction, and the action it triggers.
  2. Set a baseline first, so any model has something honest to beat.
  3. Pick an evaluation metric that matches the cost of each error type, not a default.
Follow-up
  • Where could label leakage enter this setup?
  • How would you choose the decision threshold, and who owns that choice?

Collapse claim versions before summing allowed amounts by member

easyWorked solution
claim versioninggroupbydeduplication

You are given medical_claim_line as a pandas DataFrame: claim_line_id, claim_id, claim_version, frequency_code (1 original, 7 replacement, 8 void), member_id, service_start_date, procedure_code, allowed_amount, claim_status. Return total allowed_amount per member for service dates in one stated calendar month, counting each claim once at its surviving version and excluding any claim whose surviving version is a void. Multi-line claims must keep every line of that surviving version. Output columns: member_id, allowed_amount, sorted descending. Do not deduplicate on claim_id alone.

Approach
  1. Separate the two grains out loud before writing code: versions live at the claim level, dollars live at the line level. Every bug in this exercise comes from mixing them.
  2. Compute the surviving version per claim with a groupby transform of max over claim_version, then keep the lines whose claim_version equals that value. A transform keeps the frame at line grain, which a sort plus head(1) does not.
  3. Drop whole claims whose surviving version carries frequency_code 8. A void is not a zero-dollar line, it retracts the claim, so filtering rows rather than claims leaves the prior version's lines behind.
  4. Filter to claim_status 'paid' and state the assumption: denied, pended and reversed lines carry an allowed_amount that never became a liability, so including them overstates cost.
  5. Restrict service_start_date to the month boundaries, then groupby member_id and sum. Sort descending and return.
Worked solution 20 min
  1. Build a max-version lookup per claim_id with groupby('claim_id')['claim_version'].transform('max') and keep rows where claim_version equals it.
  2. From the surviving rows, collect the claim_ids whose frequency_code is 8 and drop those claim_ids entirely.
  3. Filter claim_status to 'paid' and service_start_date into the month window.
  4. Group by member_id, sum allowed_amount, sort descending, reset the index.
EXPECTED RESULTA two-column frame member_id, allowed_amount. On a claim with versions 1, 7, 7 only the third version's lines contribute; a claim whose latest version is frequency_code 8 appears nowhere. Total allowed is strictly below a naive sum over all rows whenever any claim in the sample was adjusted, and equal to it when none was.
Follow-up
  • A claim has versions 1, 7, 7 where the second replacement has fewer lines than the first. What does your code return and is that correct?
  • How would you handle a claim whose lines span two calendar months at the boundary of the reporting window?
  • The same logic has to run over 400 million lines in a warehouse. What changes, and what stays the same?

For someone who has spent the last year in notebooks, dashboards or modelling work and has not written raw SQL under time pressure. The first four days rebuild query fluency against a fixture you control and can verify by hand; the last three attach that fluency to the rest of the loop.

Small steps. Visible outcomes.0 / 7 completed
ONE WEEK · YOUR PACE

Prepare, practise & reflect

One practical outcome each day. Spend longer where you need it.

0 / 7 done
01Build a fixture you can check answers against
  • Create a local Postgres or SQLite database with four tables (users, sessions, events, orders) holding roughly 200 rows you generated yourself, so you know the contents well enough to predict every result.
  • Deliberately seed the cases that break queries: a user with no sessions, a session with no events, two orders sharing a timestamp, a NULL in one join key, and one duplicated user row.
  • Before writing any SQL, hand-compute five answers on paper (how many users placed at least one order, median orders per ordering user, and three others) and save them as the ground truth for the week.

Deliverable: A one-command seed script plus a text file of five hand-computed answers to grade every later query against.

Practice prompt ↗Practice prompt ↗Worked solution ↗
02Joins, filters and NULL semantics
  • Answer "which users have no orders" three ways (LEFT JOIN with IS NULL, NOT EXISTS, NOT IN) and confirm that the NOT IN version returns zero rows once the subquery contains a NULL, because the comparison is never TRUE.
  • Reproduce the LEFT JOIN that silently collapses to an inner join by putting a right-table predicate in WHERE, then fix it by moving the predicate into the ON clause, and record both row counts.
  • Create a fan-out bug on purpose by joining orders to order_items and summing the order total, then correct it with a pre-aggregated subquery and explain in one line which table changed the grain.

Deliverable: One annotated .sql file holding the three join traps, each with the wrong result and the corrected result side by side.

Practice prompt ↗Practice prompt ↗
03Window functions and frames
  • Write three window queries against the fixture: a running order total per user, the rank of each order within its user by value, and the day gap to that user's previous order, then check each against the day-one ground truth.
  • Run ROW_NUMBER, RANK and DENSE_RANK over a column containing ties, print all three side by side, and write one sentence on when each is the correct choice.
  • Switch one query from the default frame (RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW, which is what you get when ORDER BY is present and no frame is written) to ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW, and explain why the output differs only when the ORDER BY column has duplicates.

Deliverable: Three verified window queries plus a short note explaining the RANGE versus ROWS difference in your own words.

Practice prompt ↗Practice prompt ↗
04The four analytical query patterns
  • Write a monthly retention grid: first order month per user, then months-since-first as the column, and verify that month zero equals the cohort size exactly.
  • Sessionize the events table under a 30-minute inactivity rule using LAG plus a cumulative sum over a new-session flag.
  • Build a four-step funnel that counts distinct users rather than events at each step, and state the rule you applied to a user who reaches step three without ever logging step two.

Deliverable: One file with the retention, sessionization and funnel patterns, each carrying a one-line note on the assumption it bakes in.

Practice prompt ↗Practice prompt ↗Worked solution ↗
05Write SQL the way you will have to write it live
  • Set a 12-minute timer and solve three medium prompts in a plain editor with no execution and no autocomplete, then run them and tally syntax errors separately from logic errors.
  • Narrate one solution aloud while writing it, stating the grain of each intermediate result (one row per user, one row per user-day) before you type its body.
  • Rewrite your slowest solution as a CTE chain where every CTE name states its grain, and time yourself re-solving it from blank.

Deliverable: A recording of one narrated solution plus an error tally that separates syntax from logic.

Practice prompt ↗Practice prompt ↗
06One day for everything that is not SQL
  • Write the preconditions of the two-sample t-test from memory, then check them: independent observations, and a difference in means whose sampling distribution is approximately normal, which at large sample sizes follows from the central limit theorem rather than from normality of the raw values.
  • Write the difference between an odds ratio from logistic regression and a relative risk, and state the condition under which the two are close (low outcome prevalence).
  • Prepare a 90-second answer to "how would you know this model is any good" that names the metric, the baseline you would beat, and the cost of the errors you care about.

Deliverable: One page of notes covering test preconditions, the odds-ratio caveat and the model-quality answer.

Practice prompt ↗Practice prompt ↗
07Full loop rehearsal
  • Run a 45-minute mock with someone willing to interrupt: 20 minutes of SQL, 15 minutes defining a metric, 10 minutes on a past project.
  • Re-solve from blank the two queries you were slowest on this week and compare the times against day five.
  • Write a five-line answer to "walk me through a project" that puts a number in the first sentence and names the decision the work changed.

Deliverable: Mock feedback notes plus a timed project narrative you can deliver without reading it.

Practice prompt ↗Practice prompt ↗Worked solution ↗

Expand any day for tasks and deliverables. Your progress is saved on this device.

Have two ready. In one, the data was on your side and you had to move someone who outranked you. In the other, the pushback was correct and you changed position. The second is the harder story and it lands better, because it shows you separate being right from being attached to an answer. Name the person's actual objection.

What strategies do you use to motivate your team?

medium
behavioural and stakeholder questions

What strategies do you use to motivate your team?

Approach
  1. Pick a story where you drove the decision, not one where you observed it.
  2. Quantify the outcome, including what you would not claim credit for.
  3. Close with what you would do differently, concretely.
Follow-up
  • How did you know the outcome was caused by your change?
  • What would you do differently if you ran that project again?

How do you handle disagreements with team members?

medium
behavioural and stakeholder questions

How do you handle disagreements with team members?

Approach
  1. State the situation in two sentences and spend the rest on your reasoning.
  2. Close with what you would do differently, concretely.
  3. Name the disagreement or constraint, and how you resolved it with evidence.
Follow-up
  • What would you do differently if you ran that project again?
  • What did you decide not to do, and why?

Scope a one-line request for a readmission rate

easy
scopingmeasure specificationstakeholder communication

A clinical operations lead messages you: 'What is our readmission rate? The committee meets Friday.' You have encounter (encounter_id, admit_ts, discharge_ts, encounter_type, admission_type, discharge_disposition, drg_code, index_encounter_id) and member_enrollment coverage spans. Do not open a query editor yet. Deliverable: the three to five questions you send back, ranked by how much the answer moves the number; the default specification you will build if nobody replies by Wednesday; and the one line you will place under the figure so the committee does not read it against a published benchmark.

Approach
  1. Read the probe: this tests whether you convert ambiguity into a specification without either stalling or guessing silently. Both failure modes are common, and the silent guess is worse because nobody can see it.
  2. Rank your questions by leverage on the number rather than by curiosity. Whether the numerator is all-cause or unplanned, and whether the clock starts at discharge_ts, move the result far more than a tie-break rule on same-day returns.
  3. Ask about the comparison first. A number going to a committee will be compared to something, and whether that something is last quarter, another panel, or a national figure decides whether you owe them a raw rate, a risk-adjusted rate, or an observed-over-expected ratio.
  4. Commit to a default in writing so silence does not block you: unplanned acute inpatient readmission within 30 days of discharge_ts, index stays excluding planned admissions, acute-to-acute transfers, discharges against medical advice, and dispositions of expired or hospice, denominator of eligible index discharges, paid-through date stated.
  5. Write the caveat as a restriction on use rather than a hedge: name the one comparison the figure supports and the one it does not.
Follow-up
  • They reply that they want it 'the way the benchmark does it'. What do you ask next?
  • The committee wants it split by attending provider. What changes in the specification, and what do you refuse to show?
  • How does your answer change if the meeting is tomorrow rather than Friday?
  • 01

    What strategies do you use to motivate your team?

  • 02

    How do you handle disagreements with team members?

  • 03

    A clinical operations lead messages you: 'What is our readmission rate? The committee meets Friday.' You have encounter (encounter_id, admit_ts, discharge_ts, encounter_type, admission_type, discharge_disposition, drg_code, index_encounter_id) and member_enrollment coverage spans. Do not open a query editor yet. Deliverable: the three to five questions you send back, ranked by how much the answer moves the number; the default specification you will build if nobody replies by Wednesday; and the one line you will place under the figure so the committee does not read it against a published benchmark.

PracHub interview preparation framework ↗
Is this an official The Broad Institute interview guide?

No. It is PracHub's own research and practice material for the Data Scientist role at The Broad Institute. Rounds and questions reflect what candidates have reported, not a process The Broad Institute has published, and they change over time. Confirm the current format and scope with your recruiter.

PracHub interview research ↗
What is the typical interview difficulty and preparation time?

The interview process is generally considered average to difficult, depending on your background. Candidates typically prepare for several weeks, focusing on both technical skills and interview techniques.

PracHub interview research ↗
What differentiates successful candidates?

Successful candidates demonstrate not only strong technical skills but also the ability to communicate effectively and collaborate across disciplines. Highlighting relevant experience and a passion for the mission of The Broad Institute can set you apart.

PracHub interview research ↗
What is the culture and working style like?

The Broad Institute fosters a collaborative and innovative culture, emphasizing teamwork and a commitment to scientific excellence. Expect an environment that values diverse perspectives and encourages creative problem-solving.

PracHub interview research ↗
What is the typical timeline from initial screen to offer?

The entire interview process can take several weeks, from initial screening to final offers, depending on scheduling and team availability.

PracHub interview research ↗
Sources & methodology 3 sources ↗

No official company page is cited. Rounds and questions come from candidate reports and PracHub editorial material; each source shows the date it was read.