Coordinate Three Threads to Print an Ordered Sequence

# Coordinate Three Threads to Print an Ordered Sequence Given a nonnegative integer `n`, use exactly three independent thread classes to print every integer from 0 through `n` in strictly increasing order. - `ZeroThread` owns the logic that prints 0, and 0 is printed exactly once. - `OddThread` owns the logic that prints positive odd integers. - `EvenThread` owns the logic that prints positive even integers. Each output line includes both the number and the responsible thread, for example `3 printed by OddThread`. The printing logic must remain inside the corresponding thread class. Explain and provide language-appropriate pseudocode for the shared coordination object and all three thread loops. Handle spurious wakeups, termination, and exceptions without deadlocking another thread. ### Clarifying Questions to Ask - Does the required language provide condition variables, semaphores, or both? - Must the method return captured output for testing, or write to an injected printer? - If printing throws, should the other threads stop immediately? - May `n` be zero? ### What a Strong Answer Covers - A shared next-number state protected by one synchronization discipline. - Predicate-based waiting in a loop, not reliance on timing or a single unchecked wakeup. - Exactly one owner for each printed value and an atomic print-and-advance transition. - Wakeup and termination behavior for `n = 0`, normal completion, spurious wakeups, interruption, and print failure. - A deterministic test strategy that runs the real threads repeatedly and validates the complete labeled sequence. ### Follow-up Questions 1. How would the design change to support `p` worker threads where worker `i` prints values congruent to `i mod p`? 2. Can semaphores remove the shared condition predicate, and what shutdown problem remains? 3. How would you test for a rare missed notification without using arbitrary sleeps?