Design a model downloader

Q: Design a model downloader

This question evaluates a candidate's competency in ML system design and distributed systems, covering model lifecycle management, versioning, integrity verification, efficient rollout, local caching, security, observability, and fault recovery.

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Question

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Design a system that distributes machine learning model artifacts from centralized storage to a large fleet of inference servers.

The system should support:

versioned model artifacts and metadata
integrity validation using checksums or signatures
efficient rollout to thousands of hosts without overwhelming storage or network bandwidth
local caching on each host
canary deployment, staged rollout, and fast rollback
visibility into which model version is active on each host
authentication, authorization, and auditability
recovery from partial downloads, corrupted files, and failed activations

Describe the main components, host-side behavior, APIs, and scaling strategy.

Design a model downloader

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