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Design and optimize a RAG system

Last updated: Mar 29, 2026

Quick Overview

This question evaluates knowledge and competency in designing and optimizing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, including components like ingestion, chunking, embeddings, indexing, retrieval, reranking, generation, and evaluation.

  • hard
  • OpenAI
  • ML System Design
  • Machine Learning Engineer

Design and optimize a RAG system

Company: OpenAI

Role: Machine Learning Engineer

Category: ML System Design

Difficulty: hard

Interview Round: Onsite

## Scenario You are building a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for question answering over an internal document corpus. ## Task Design the end-to-end architecture and describe optimization strategies. ## Requirements - Ingest documents continuously (new/updated docs). - High answer quality with citations. - Low latency for interactive use. - Handle long documents and heterogeneous formats (PDF/HTML/wiki pages). ## Deliverables - Components (ingestion, chunking, embeddings, index, retriever, reranker, generator). - How you improve relevance and reduce hallucinations. - Evaluation plan (offline + online) and monitoring for drift.

Quick Answer: This question evaluates knowledge and competency in designing and optimizing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, including components like ingestion, chunking, embeddings, indexing, retrieval, reranking, generation, and evaluation.

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OpenAI logo
OpenAI
Dec 15, 2025, 12:00 AM
Machine Learning Engineer
Onsite
ML System Design
22
0

Scenario

You are building a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for question answering over an internal document corpus.

Task

Design the end-to-end architecture and describe optimization strategies.

Requirements

  • Ingest documents continuously (new/updated docs).
  • High answer quality with citations.
  • Low latency for interactive use.
  • Handle long documents and heterogeneous formats (PDF/HTML/wiki pages).

Deliverables

  • Components (ingestion, chunking, embeddings, index, retriever, reranker, generator).
  • How you improve relevance and reduce hallucinations.
  • Evaluation plan (offline + online) and monitoring for drift.

Solution

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