Find the Most Frequent IP Addresses in a File Too Large for Memory
Company: Google
Role: Software Engineer
Category: Software Engineering Fundamentals
Difficulty: medium
Interview Round: Onsite
Overview: Design an exact, bounded-memory method for finding the most frequent IP addresses in a file far larger than RAM. Analyze memory and disk-I/O trade-offs while defining address normalization, malformed-record handling, deterministic ties, skew behavior, temporary-storage limits, and cleanup.
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