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Implement several OA simulation problems | Bytedance Interview Question

Q: Implement several OA simulation problems

This set of problems evaluates skills in string processing, memory simulation and allocation logic, and online data-structure maintenance for dynamic contiguous segment counting, testing algorithmic design and attention to stateful invariants.

Reconstruct and solve the following coding problems from an online assessment.

Case-insensitive adjacent differences
Given a string s , treat uppercase and lowercase letters as the same. Count how many indices i with 0 <= i < len(s) - 1 satisfy lower(s[i]) != lower(s[i + 1]) .
Memory allocator with 8-aligned starts
You are given an initial binary array memory[0..n-1] , where 0 means free and 1 means occupied. Support two operations:
- alloc(x) : find the leftmost start index s such that s % 8 == 0 , s + x <= n , and every value in memory[s..s+x-1] is 0 . Allocate that entire block to a newly created allocation ID, and mark all those cells as occupied by the same ID. If no such block exists, report failure.
- erase(id) : free every cell currently assigned to id by setting it back to 0 . If id does not exist or has already been erased, report failure.
Implement a simulator for these operations.
Online counting of same-color contiguous segments
Points lie on integer positions of a line. Each update assigns or changes the color of one point. After every update, return the current number of contiguous segments, where a segment is a maximal run of adjacent positions with the same color. Only colored positions participate; a missing position breaks continuity. Design an efficient online method to maintain the segment count as points are inserted or recolored.

Reconstruct and solve the following coding problems from an online assessment.

Case-insensitive adjacent differences
Given a string s , treat uppercase and lowercase letters as the same. Count how many indices i with 0 <= i < len(s) - 1 satisfy lower(s[i]) != lower(s[i + 1]) .
Memory allocator with 8-aligned starts
You are given an initial binary array memory[0..n-1] , where 0 means free and 1 means occupied. Support two operations:
- alloc(x) : find the leftmost start index s such that s % 8 == 0 , s + x <= n , and every value in memory[s..s+x-1] is 0 . Allocate that entire block to a newly created allocation ID, and mark all those cells as occupied by the same ID. If no such block exists, report failure.
- erase(id) : free every cell currently assigned to id by setting it back to 0 . If id does not exist or has already been erased, report failure.
Implement a simulator for these operations.
Online counting of same-color contiguous segments
Points lie on integer positions of a line. Each update assigns or changes the color of one point. After every update, return the current number of contiguous segments, where a segment is a maximal run of adjacent positions with the same color. Only colored positions participate; a missing position breaks continuity. Design an efficient online method to maintain the segment count as points are inserted or recolored.

Implement several OA simulation problems

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Implement several OA simulation problems

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