Explain the following C declarations and expressions. Assume `int` objects and ordinary pointer arithmetic. 1. Declare an array of pointers to `int`. 2. Declare a pointer to an array of `N` integers. 3. For each declaration, explain the types of `p`, `*p`, and an indexed expression. 4. Explain what `*(ptr + 3)` means and when it is defined. 5. Show how parentheses change the meaning of `int *p[N]` and `int (*p)[N]`. ### Clarifying Questions to Ask - Is `N` a compile-time constant, a variable-length array bound, or a macro? - What object does the pointer point into? - Are qualifiers such as `const` relevant? ### What a Strong Answer Covers - Reading declarators from the identifier outward - Array-to-pointer decay and its exceptions - Pointer-arithmetic scaling by the pointed-to type - Bounds, one-past pointers, and undefined dereference behavior - A concrete use for each declaration ### Follow-up Questions - Contrast `const int *p` with `int *const p`. - Explain why a two-dimensional array is not an `int **`. - Pass a pointer to an array into a function safely.