ML System Design Interview Questions
Practice the exact questions companies are asking right now.
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Design GPU inference request batching
Design a system that serves online model-inference requests on GPUs. Requests arrive one at a time from clients, but GPU throughput is much better whe...
Design a RAG system with evaluation
Scenario You are asked to design a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system that answers user questions using a private corpus (e.g., internal docs...
How do you handle an LLM agents interview?
You have an interview on your agenda titled “Agents Interview.” Explain how you would approach this interview if it is about designing and evaluating ...
Design a high-concurrency LLM inference service
You are designing an LLM inference platform that serves interactive user requests (chat/completions) on GPUs. Goals - Support high concurrency with pr...
Design a fraud detection system
Scenario You are designing an end-to-end fraud detection system for an online platform (e.g., e-commerce marketplace, payments, account signup, or ad ...
How would you build an image classifier with dirty data?
Scenario You are asked to build an image classification model (single-label, multi-class) for a product team. The image dataset is known to be dirty (...
Design search autocomplete ML system
Design an ML-powered search autocomplete system that suggests query completions as the user types (e.g., after typing a prefix like "ipho" suggest "ip...
Design a video recommendation system
Scenario You are designing an ML-driven video recommendation product (home feed + “up next”) for a consumer app. The interviewer focuses heavily on in...
Design pipeline using classification and embedding services
You are given two black-box ML services: 1. Classification Service - Input: One or more text documents. - Output: A label for each document (e.g...
Design an LLM API pipeline
You need to build a small application feature that calls a hosted large language model API to solve a user task. In the interview, you are expected to...
Design NL-to-Formula assistant for Airtable
Scenario You are given: - An Airtable API key and a link/base/table you can read/write. - An LLM API key (e.g., Claude) that you can call. Users type ...
Design a batch inference API
System Design: Async Inference Service API (POST Job, Poll for Results) Context You are designing an asynchronous inference service where clients subm...
Design an image copyright-violation detection system
Design an ML system that detects whether a user-uploaded image violates copyright. Requirements - Input: an image uploaded by a user (optionally with ...
Design an NL-to-formula assistant
ML system design: Natural-language to spreadsheet formula assistant Design an assistant that converts natural language requests into spreadsheet-style...
Design a low-latency ML inference API
System Design: Low‑Latency ML Inference API (Real‑Time) Context You are designing an in‑region, synchronous inference API used by product surfaces (e....
Design and optimize a RAG system
Scenario You are building a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for question answering over an internal document corpus. Task Design the end-t...
Design a model downloader
Design a system that distributes machine learning model artifacts from centralized storage to a large fleet of inference servers. The system should su...
Design an ads ranking system with calibration
ML System Design: Ads Ranking (e-commerce) Design an online ads ranking (ad “re-ranking”) system for an e-commerce app. The system receives a request ...
Debug MNIST denoiser training
Debugging a Colab Denoising Network on MNIST Goal: Make a Colab notebook that trains a denoising neural network on MNIST such that: - (a) the training...
Design a RAG Ranking Pipeline
Design a retrieval-augmented generation pipeline for Microsoft Teams that helps an AI agent answer a user query by finding the most relevant applicati...