Amazon Coding & Algorithms Interview Questions
Practice 600 real Amazon interview questions for 2026. Covers all top categories — Coding & Algorithms, Behavioral & Leadership, Machine Learning, Data Manipulation (SQL/Python), and System Design — across Software Engineer, Data Scientist, Machine Learning Engineer, Product Manager, and Business Intelligence Engineer roles. Real Amazon interview questions from actual interviews with detailed solutions; use this collection for interview preparation that emphasizes shipping at scale, measurable impact, and the company’s Leadership Principles. Expect coding-heavy assessments for Software Engineer candidates: frequent tree and dynamic-programming problems, two-array optimization patterns, nested object/path lookups, and system-design prompts that mirror product flows (online Minesweeper, pizza-ordering, credit-card and shipping/cost systems), plus leadership and collaboration behavioral prompts. Data Scientist rounds concentrate on experimentation and metrics (A/B design, hand p-values, D7 retention SQL), RAG/recommender evaluation, and product-impact analyses. ML Engineer questions focus on production model design, LLM/agent concepts, reliability (cold start, training stability, online vs offline gaps), and large-scale detection pipelines. PM interviews stress customer-obsessed stories, ambiguity, Alexa product launches, and domain-specific data pipelines. Prepare with timed coding practice, end-to-end experiment writeups, STAR stories framed to Leadership Principles, and mock system-design sessions.
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Solve array duplicates and two-type subarray
Coding questions Solve the following array problems. Problem 1: Check for duplicates Given an integer array nums, return true if any value appears at ...
Delivery Driver Performance Evaluation Framework
Design a Fair Driver-Performance Framework Context: Amazon currently tracks only two measures per driver: (1) number of packages delivered and (2) tot...
Design a Multimodal Neural Network
Design Prompt: Multimodal Text–Image Retrieval and Classification Context You are building a production system that uses both text (titles/description...
Explain Layer Normalization in Transformers
Layer Normalization in Transformers: Placement, Gradients, and Practical Trade-offs Task Explain Layer Normalization (LayerNorm) as used in Transforme...
Design a fraud detection system
System Design: Real-Time Payment Fraud Detection Context Design a real-time fraud detection system for online payments (card-not-present). The system ...
Describe a complex problem you solved
Behavioral questions 1. Complex problem: Tell me about a time you worked on a complex technical problem. - What made it complex (scale, ambiguity, ...
Validate 9x9 grid in one pass
Given a partially filled 9x9 board using digits '1'–'9' and '.' for empty cells, determine whether the current configuration is valid under Sudoku rul...
Implement LRU cache with O(1) ops
Design and implement a fixed-capacity cache supporting get(key) -> value and put(key, value) in O( 1) average time. When capacity is reached, evict th...
How to evaluate adding video ads in a game
Case study: Evaluate adding video ads to a mobile game You are the Data Scientist for a free-to-play mobile game. The product team wants to add video ...
Explain vanishing gradients and activations
Explain the vanishing gradient problem in deep neural networks. In your answer: - Describe how backpropagation works at a high level and why gradients...
Design a weighted random value generator
Weighted random value generator Design a generic component that stores values with integer weights and can return a random value with probability prop...
Design 2D DP on a DAG
Given a directed acyclic graph G(V, E) with N nodes, M edges, a designated source s, and an integer L, design a 2D dynamic program dp[u][k] that compu...
Demonstrate Leadership Principles in Projects
Question This Amazon Software Engineer behavioral/technical screen asks you to demonstrate the Amazon Leadership Principles through concrete examples ...
Count partitions and equal-cost packages
Question Given a string itemCategories, count the number of ways to partition it into exactly two contiguous non-empty substrings (a prefix and a suff...
Explain Propensity Score Matching and Assess Covariate Balance
Propensity Score Matching (PSM) Context You have observational data with a binary treatment (T ∈ {0,1}), an outcome (Y), and a set of pre-treatment co...
Select Top Customers Using Transaction Data Filters
transactions +----+---------+------------+--------+ | id | user_id | order_date | amount | +----+---------+------------+--------+ | 1 | 101 | 202...
Explain K-Fold Cross-Validation and Its Trade-Offs
Technical Phone Screen: Cross-Validation Task You are interviewing for a Data Scientist role. Explain and reason about k-fold cross-validation. Questi...
Solve subset-count and kth-factor problems
Two Independent Tasks A) Maximum Count Under Sum Constraint You are given an integer array arr and an integer budget n. Return the maximum number of e...
Demonstrate problem-solving under resistance
Behavioral: End-to-End Problem Solving with Resistance (STAR) You are interviewing for a Data Scientist role. Provide a STAR-formatted response descri...
Calculate A/B sample size, CI, decision rules
A/B Test Design and Analysis: Signup Funnel You are designing and analyzing a two-arm A/B test for a signup funnel. Assume 1:1 traffic split and indep...