Amazon Coding & Algorithms Interview Questions
Practice 689 real Amazon interview questions for 2026. Covers all top categories — Coding & Algorithms, Behavioral & Leadership, Machine Learning, Data Manipulation (SQL/Python), and System Design — across Software Engineer, Data Scientist, Machine Learning Engineer, Product Manager, and Business Intelligence Engineer roles. Real Amazon interview questions from actual interviews with detailed solutions; use this collection for interview preparation that emphasizes shipping at scale, measurable impact, and the company’s Leadership Principles. Expect coding-heavy assessments for Software Engineer candidates: frequent tree and dynamic-programming problems, two-array optimization patterns, nested object/path lookups, and system-design prompts that mirror product flows (online Minesweeper, pizza-ordering, credit-card and shipping/cost systems), plus leadership and collaboration behavioral prompts. Data Scientist rounds concentrate on experimentation and metrics (A/B design, hand p-values, D7 retention SQL), RAG/recommender evaluation, and product-impact analyses. ML Engineer questions focus on production model design, LLM/agent concepts, reliability (cold start, training stability, online vs offline gaps), and large-scale detection pipelines. PM interviews stress customer-obsessed stories, ambiguity, Alexa product launches, and domain-specific data pipelines. Prepare with timed coding practice, end-to-end experiment writeups, STAR stories framed to Leadership Principles, and mock system-design sessions.
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Implement nested object path lookup
This question evaluates parsing and traversal of nested maps and arrays, robust error handling for missing keys and out-of-bounds indices, and reasoni...
Check if adding edge creates cycle in digraph
You work with a system that stores items and directed relationships between them (for example, item A points to item B). The relationships form a dire...
Find all cells reachable by downhill flow
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Compute and interpret quantile loss vs RMSE
This question evaluates competency in probabilistic forecasting evaluation, including understanding of quantile (pinball) loss versus point-error metr...
Profile and visualize an unfamiliar dataset
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Design student–course data models and SQL
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Solve two-sum variants at scale
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Design idempotent daily loads with deduping
You need to load the last 7 days of orders into a large fact table from a noisy staging feed. Assume today is 2025-09-01. Requirements: idempotent rer...
Diagnose MySQL joins and GROUP BY/HAVING errors
You are using MySQL 8.0 with ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY enabled. Answer all parts precisely. Provide the exact SQL you would run and the final result shapes/v...
Generate primes up to n efficiently
Implement a function that returns all prime numbers in the inclusive range 1..n. Requirements: handle n up to 10^7 efficiently (time and memory); retu...
Append country tables and rank salaries in USD
You have separate country-level employee tables that must be appended and ranked by salary converted to USD using an exchange rate table. SQL schema a...
Implement streaming k-way merge with constraints
Implement a function merge_k(iterators, N) that returns the first N items of the global ascending order from k sorted, potentially unbounded iterators...
Transform event logs with subscription windows in pandas
Using pandas, compute user-level subscription-aligned revenue and anomalies for September 2025. DataFrames: events(user_id:int, ts:UTC datetime, event...
Find top-spend categories per customer with ranking
Using the schema and sample data below, write a single ANSI SQL query (CTEs allowed; no temp tables) that returns, for each customer, their top 2 prod...
Transform retail data with pandas groupby/merge/concat
Using pandas only (groupby/agg/merge/concat; no for-loops), write code to answer the sub-questions below on the following small dataframes. Assume tim...
Solve subset-count and kth-factor problems
Two Independent Tasks A) Maximum Count Under Sum Constraint You are given an integer array arr and an integer budget n. Return the maximum number of e...
Root-cause an incident and drive consensus
Root-Cause Plan: Sudden Drop in Voice Checkout Conversion (Alexa Shopping) You are informed that the "voice checkout conversion" KPI for Alexa Shoppin...
Compute daily work hours from in/out events
Given punch events, compute each employee’s daily hours, handling unmatched events and overnight shifts. Write SQL over: events(employee_id INT, evt_t...
Calculate cross-channel login user proportions
Write SQL to compute, for 2025-08-29 through 2025-08-31, the proportion of users who logged in only via mobile, only via desktop, and via both, where ...
Describe missed deadline and scope expansion
Behavioral Question: Accountability and Ownership for a Data Scientist You will be asked for two concrete, distinct examples: - (a) One time you misse...